尿素不同用量及处理措施对马铃薯田温室气体排放和氨挥发影响的研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 23:02

本文选题：温室气体排放　切入点：氨挥发　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究农田土壤温室气体排放和氨挥发对提高肥料利用率和减缓环境压力具有重要意义。本研究通过不同尿素用量及处理措施的滴灌马铃薯田的温室气体排放和氨挥发特征,为内蒙古阴山北麓马铃薯种植的合理施肥提供科学依据。本研究主要结果如下:1.马铃薯田温室气体排放CO2累积排放量为5840.10～20231.33 kg/hm2。相较于不施肥的处理,施肥的处理显著增加了 CO2累积排放量。CH4累积吸收量为0.21～0.54kg/hm2,且均为不施肥处理最高,施肥量对CH4的影响并不显著。施入肥料的后第3天N2O排放量达到峰值,N2O累积排放量为0.64～3.52 kg/hm2,过量施肥会显著增加N2O累积排放量;剖面温室气体不同土层的气体浓度表现出不同的差异性:随着土层深度的增加,CO2和N2O浓度随之增加,CH4浓度则随之减少;同一土层不同处理温室气体浓度基本特征是:过量施肥会使CO2、CH4和N2O浓度显著高于其他处理;过量施肥会显著增加马铃薯的全球增温强势(GWP)和温室强度(GHGI),但马铃薯产量相较并没有显著提高。添加脲酶抑制剂处理可以降低全球增温潜势(GWP)和温室强度(GHGI),但未达到显著水平。2.马铃薯田氨挥发在施入肥料后的第1～5 d氨挥发速率出现峰值,随着施肥量的增加氨挥发损失率也呈增加趋势,氨挥发累积量为1.87～5.21.kg N/hm2,净损失率为0.21%～1.02%;过量施肥会显著增加氨挥发量。添加脲酶抑制剂可以减少氨挥发量,但未达到显著水平。通过在滴灌马铃薯田的试验结果表明,过量的施氮显著增加了氨挥发和温室气体排放量。对施氮量以优化和控制可以在不影响产量前提下减少温室效应和氨挥发损失。添加脲酶抑制剂可以降低氨挥发量和温室气体排放排放量,但未达到显著水平;土壤湿度和土壤温度在一定程度上影响着温室气体排放量和氨挥发量。
[Abstract]:It is important to study greenhouse gas emission and ammonia volatilization of farmland soil for increasing fertilizer utilization efficiency and reducing environmental pressure. The greenhouse gas emission and ammonia volatilization characteristics of potato field under drip irrigation with different urea dosage and treatment measures were studied in this paper. The main results of this study are as follows: 1. The accumulative CO2 emission of greenhouse gas emission from potato field is 5840.10 ~ 20231.33 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2). The cumulative emission of CO2. CH4 was 0.21 ~ 0. 54 kg 路hm ~ (2) and the highest was in the treatment of no fertilization. The effect of fertilization on CH4 was not significant. On the 3rd day after fertilization, the cumulative emission of N2O reached a peak value of 0.64 ~ 3.52 kg 路hm ~ (2), and excessive fertilization increased the cumulative emission of N _ 2O significantly. The concentration of greenhouse gas in different soil layers showed different differences: with the increase of soil depth, the concentration of CO _ 2 and N _ 2O increased and the concentration of Ch _ 4 decreased; The basic characteristics of greenhouse gas concentration in different treatments in the same soil layer were as follows: the concentration of CO _ 2C _ 4 and N _ 2O was significantly higher than that of other treatments when excessive fertilization was applied; Excessive fertilization could significantly increase the global warming and greenhouse intensity of potato, but the yield of potato was not significantly increased. The addition of urease inhibitor could reduce the global warming potential and greenhouse intensity of GHGI, but did not increase the yield of potato. The ammonia volatilization rate of potato field reached the peak at the 5th day after applying fertilizer. The ammonia volatilization loss rate also increased with the increase of fertilization amount. The ammonia volatilization accumulated amount was 1.87~5.21.kg N / hm _ 2, and the net loss rate was 0.21 ~ 1.02%. Excessive fertilization increased ammonia volatilization significantly. Adding urease inhibitor could reduce ammonia volatilization. But not at the significant level. The results of the experiment in drip irrigated potato fields show that, Excessive nitrogen application significantly increased ammonia volatilization and greenhouse gas emissions. Optimization and control of nitrogen application amount can reduce the loss of Greenhouse Effect and ammonia volatilization without affecting yield. Adding urease inhibitor can reduce ammonia volatilization. Volume and greenhouse gas emissions, Soil moisture and soil temperature affect greenhouse gas emissions and ammonia volatilization to some extent.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S532

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