果树振动采收影响机理的试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 04:28

  本文选题：果树　切入点：振动采收　出处：《新疆大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：“十二五”以来,党中央、国务院把建设小康社会作为工作中心,各级政府聚焦“三农”。作为农民增收的支柱产业,林果业已经发展上升到我国种植业的第三大产业。随着规模化林果生产模式的普及,人工采摘这类传统的林果采收方式已经落伍,机械化作业方式必然要在林果业生产中推广。由于国内水果采收机械大多功能单一、效率低、采收质量低,因此,本文围绕如何提高采收效率、采收质量进行研究分析,通过室内试验和实地试验来具体探究果树机械采收的影响因素。本文的研究对象是新疆地区盛果期的海棠果树,通过建立果树振动的力学模型,列出振动微分方程,确定果树振动采收的影响因素。结合试验进行验证。试验包括:室内的振动参数影响规律试验和室外的振动落果试验。通过理论分析和试验结果,得到如下结论:(1)在实际的果园果品振动收获过程中,按照果树形态学,将果树不同形态部位的运动规律大致分成两个类型:一种类型是果树的主干和中心干部位,包括两者的节点位置,这一类形态部位在振动过程中获得的加速度的变化与激振设备的振动频率之间的关系是:正相关关系;另一种类型是果树的主枝和侧枝部位,该形态部位在振动采收过程中获得的加速度的变化规律是:先随激振设备的振动频率增大而增大,在激振设备输出振动频率设置为20Hz时,获得的加速度达到最大值;随后随激振设备输出的振动频率增大反而该部位获得的加速度值减小;(2)最优激振频率为20Hz、最优激振位置为距离固定端60cm处、最优激振位移为5mm;(3)在电动激振设备选取最优激振参数的振动工况作用下,试验样木海棠果树在近枝端获得三向合成加速度的平均值为19.90375g;(4)海棠果果实脱落过程的运动包括自由摆动及绕果柄结合点的自由旋转。海棠果果实脱落瞬间最大的速度(3.552 m/s)、加速度(189.246 m/s2)、脱落惯性力(2.460 N)。室外试验验证了室内试验得到的最佳激振参数的正确性,保证了本次试验的正确性,为振动式果品采收机的研制提供了理论基础。
[Abstract]:Since the 12th Five-Year Plan, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have taken the building of a well-off society as the work center, and governments at all levels have focused on the "three rural areas" as the pillar industries for increasing farmers' income. The forest and fruit industry has developed to the third largest industry in our country. With the popularization of large-scale forest and fruit production mode, the traditional harvesting methods of artificial harvesting have become outdated. The mechanized operation must be popularized in the forest and fruit industry. As most of the domestic fruit harvesting machinery has a single function, low efficiency and low harvest quality, this paper focuses on how to improve the harvesting efficiency and harvest quality. Through laboratory and field experiments, the factors that affect the mechanical harvesting of fruit trees are studied in this paper. The vibration differential equations are listed by establishing the mechanical model of the vibration of fruit trees in Xinjiang. To determine the factors affecting the vibration harvesting of fruit trees, and to verify it by combining the tests. The experiments include: indoor vibration parameter influence law test and outdoor vibration fruit drop test. Through theoretical analysis and test results, The conclusion is as follows: (1) in the process of actual fruit vibration harvesting in orchards, according to the morphology of fruit trees, the movement laws of different parts of fruit trees are roughly divided into two types: one type is the trunk of fruit trees and the position of central cadres. Including the position of the nodes of the two, the relationship between the acceleration obtained in the vibration process and the vibration frequency of the exciting equipment is: the positive correlation; the other type is the main branch and the side branch of the fruit tree. The change rule of acceleration obtained in the process of vibration harvesting is as follows: firstly, the acceleration increases with the vibration frequency of the exciting equipment, and the acceleration reaches the maximum when the output vibration frequency of the exciting equipment is set to 20Hz; Then with the increase of the output frequency of the excitation equipment, the acceleration obtained in this part is reduced to 20 Hz. The optimal excitation frequency is 20 Hz, and the optimal excitation position is from the fixed end of 60cm. The optimal excitation displacement is 5 mm ~ (3)) under the condition of selecting the optimal excitation parameters of the electric excitation equipment, The average value of the triaxial synthetic acceleration at the proximal branch is 19.90375g / L) the motion of the shedding process includes the free swing and the free rotation around the junction point of the petiole. The velocity is 3.552 m / s ~ (-1), the acceleration is 189.246 m / s ~ (2), the shedding inertial force is 2.460 N ~ (-1). The outdoor test verifies the correctness of the optimum excitation parameters obtained from the indoor test. The correctness of the experiment is guaranteed and the theoretical basis is provided for the development of vibratory fruit harvester.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S225.93

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