喀左县俄罗斯种源西伯利亚杏引种适应性研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 05:09

本文选题：西伯利亚杏　切入点：引种适应性　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：山杏因其生态适应性强、经济价值高,成为辽西地区重要的生态经济型树种。为培育丰产、抗冻、抗旱的优良品种,提高山杏的经济效益,从俄罗斯外贝加尔边疆区引入西伯利亚杏优良种质的种子和接穗,在辽西地区的喀左县繁育家系和无性系苗木进行引种试验,目前引种试验已进入第5年。本文通过对引种西伯利亚杏家系和无性系苗期的成活率、保存率、生长量、物候,以及幼树的形态性状、经济性状的观测,研究分析俄罗斯种源西伯利亚杏的引种适应性。结果表明:引种山杏家系保存率与成活率基本相同,无性系的保存率低于成活率,引种山杏在喀左地区能安全越冬;引种山杏的物候期均早于喀左种源山杏,尤其是落叶期,俄罗斯种源山杏落叶较喀左当地种源山杏提前30～45d,生长期短,提前封顶;引种家系的苗高和地径均低于当地种源山杏,绝大部分无性系的苗高和地径低于当地种源山杏。从苗期数据看,家系513号,无性系J510号、J505号表现良好。引种山杏家系的叶尖形状以长渐尖居多,叶片形状以卵圆形为主,叶基形状以楔形为主,叶表被毛以有毛为主,叶背被毛以无毛为主,小枝颜色以灰褐色和红褐色为主,果枝以中果枝为主。无性系除叶表被毛以无毛为主,其余质量性状与家系基本一致;引种山杏家系除树高、叶片长度、叶片宽度外,其他性状变异系数均在25%以上。无性系除叶片长度、叶片宽度外,其他性状变异系数均在20%以上;除树高的遗传力较低外,引种山杏家系的小枝长度、小枝粗度、叶柄长度、干径、冠幅、主枝基角、腺体数量、叶片宽度、叶片长度的家系遗传力在0.5以上。除干径、腺体数这2个性状的重复力较低外,引种山杏无性系的其他性状的重复力均达到0.7以上。引种山杏无性系完全花比例和坐果率呈极显著正相关;花束果枝坐果率最高,短果枝、中果枝次之,长果枝坐果率最低,所以在引种山杏管理中要注意对花束果枝的培养;从单果重、单核重和单仁重三个方面综合考虑,引种山杏家系519、523号,无性系J511、J513号经济性状较好;引种山杏家系主要经济性状变异系数都在7%以上,其中出核率的变异系数最大,为20.2%.无性系主要经济性状变异性都在8%以上,其中出核率的变异系数最大,达46.9%;引种山杏家系除果宽、核厚、单果重、果长的遗传力较低外,其他性状遗传力均在0.5以上。无性系的全部13个经济性状重复力均较高,在0.7以上。上述研究结果为培育丰产、抗冻、抗旱的山杏良种提供了科学依据。
[Abstract]:Because of its strong ecological adaptability and high economic value, armeniaca armeniaca has become an important ecoeconomic tree species in western Liaoning. In order to cultivate good varieties of high yield, frost resistance and drought resistance, the economic benefits of apricot can be improved. The seeds and scions of Siberian apricot germplasm were introduced from the outer Baikal region of Russia, and the breeding families and clones seedlings were introduced in Kazuo County, western Liaoning Province. At present, the introduction experiment has entered its fifth year. The survival rate, preservation rate, growth rate, phenology, morphological characters and economic characteristics of young trees were observed in the seedling stage of introduced Siberian apricot families and clones. The results showed that the survival rate and survival rate of introduced apricot families were basically the same, the preservation rate of clones was lower than the survival rate, and the introduced apricot could survive safely in Kazuo area. The phenological period of introduced apricot was earlier than that of Kazuo provenance, especially the deciduous period. Russian provenance was 30 ~ 45 days earlier than that of Kazuo local provenance, the growing period was shorter and the top was closed in advance, and the seedling height and ground path of introduced family were lower than that of local provenance. The seedling height and ground diameter of most clones were lower than that of local provenances. From the seedling data, the pedigree 513 and clone J510 and J505 performed well. The leaf tip shape of the introduced apricot family was mostly long and tapered, and the leaf shape was mainly oval. The shape of leaf base is mainly wedge-shaped, the surface coat is hairy, the back of leaf is hairless, the color of branchlets is mainly grayish brown and reddish brown, and the fruit branches are mainly mesocarp branches. The coefficient of variation of other characters was more than 25% except for tree height, leaf length and leaf width, except for leaf length and leaf width of clones, except for leaf length, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width, leaf width and leaf width. The coefficient of variation of other characters was above 20%, except for the low heritability of tree height, the length of branchlets, the diameter of branchlets, the length of petiole, the diameter of stem, the width of crown, the angle of main branch, the number of glands and the width of leaves of introduced apricot families. The heritability of leaf length in families was above 0.5. Except for dry diameter and glandular number, the repeatability of the two traits was lower. The reproducibility of other characters of introduced almond clones was more than 0.7. There was a significant positive correlation between total flower percentage and fruit setting rate of introduced apricot clones, the fruit setting rate of flower bouquet was the highest, that of short fruit branch was the highest, that of middle fruit branch was the second, and that of long fruit branch was the lowest. Therefore, in the management of introduced apricot, we should pay attention to the cultivation of the fruit branch of flower bouquet, considering the three aspects of single fruit weight, single kernel weight and single kernel weight, the economic characters of introduced apricot family 519523 and clone J511J513 are better. The coefficient of variation of the main economic characters of the introduced apricot families was above 7%, and the coefficient of variation of the nucleation rate was the highest, which was 20.20.The variation coefficient of the main economic characters of the clones was above 8%, among which the coefficient of variation of the nucleation rate was the highest. The heritability of all 13 economic traits was higher than 0.5 except for the heritability of fruit width, kernel thickness, single fruit weight and fruit length. Above 0.7. The above results provide scientific basis for the cultivation of high yield, cold resistant and drought resistant varieties of almonds.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S662.2

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