大白菜田间虫害调查与储存期病虫害残余物安全性评测

发布时间：2018-06-18 00:33

  本文选题：萝卜蚜 + 桃蚜　； 参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：大白菜是北方地区冬贮数量最大的蔬菜,同时也是我国目前种植面积最大的蔬菜之一。为了更好的适应城镇居民对于“菜篮子”农产品“更鲜活、更优质、更有营养和无虫害”的消费食用的要求,各地在生产中更加注重产品质量的提高,绿色有机蔬菜的种植比率逐年升高。但田间病虫害的发生量及病虫残余物的量也有上升趋势。因此,本论文基于大白菜生长期虫害的发生情况,结合北方冬储白菜的病虫残余物,开展了大白菜生长期虫害的发生情况调查及冬贮期病虫残余物污染性调查和安全性评估,为大白菜的安全生产,也为我国的农业产品的质量安全监管提供一定的理论支持和决策性服务。主要结果如下:搜集了2005年至2016年大白菜田间小菜蛾发生情况的数据,并与气象因子做了相关性分析,所使用的分析方法为随机森林(RandomForest)算法。根据随机森林模型的分析结果我们可以得出,在影响小菜蛾发生程度的各气象因子中,“平均气温”与小菜蛾的发生关联度最高。另外,“平均相对湿度”对小菜蛾的发生也起到了一定的作用。2015年山东农业大学试验田调查显示,8月份与9月份为大白菜虫害盛发期,十月起虫害发生量逐步降低;但是随着温度的降低菜蚜的发生比率随之上升。与普通大白菜相比,几种常见的大白菜害虫在有机大白菜上发生更加严重,其中以菜蚜最为明显。调查发现储存期大白菜储存温度在5℃以上时病虫残余物更容易危害到大白菜品质。通过量化不同种病虫残余物的风险值,构建了大白菜病虫残余物风险分析模型,利用病虫残余物风险评价数学模型可以得出,大白菜病虫残余物对大白菜的品质存在不同程度的影响,其中大白菜软腐病病残体、大白菜黑斑病病残体、大白菜霜霉病病残体的风险值分别为0.68、1.26、0.24;蚜虫、菜青虫、小菜蛾的风险值分别为:0.82、0.34、0.32。由以上数据可以得出,大白菜黑斑病病残体对储藏期大白菜品质影响为中等风险,而其他病虫残余物为低风险。
[Abstract]:Chinese cabbage is the largest vegetable stored in winter in northern China, and is also one of the most cultivated vegetables in China. In order to better meet the requirements of urban residents for the consumption and consumption of "vegetable basket" agricultural products that are more fresh, better quality, more nutritious and free from pests, all localities pay more attention to the improvement of product quality in production. The planting rate of green organic vegetables is increasing year by year. However, the occurrence of disease and insect pests and the amount of pest residues also increased. Therefore, based on the occurrence of insect pests in the growing period of Chinese cabbage and combined with the residue of disease and insect in winter storage in the north of China, the investigation on the occurrence of pests and diseases in the growing period of Chinese cabbage and the pollution investigation and safety assessment of the pest residue in winter storage period were carried out in this paper. It provides some theoretical support and decision-making service for the safety production of Chinese cabbage and the quality and safety supervision of agricultural products in China. The main results are as follows: the data of Plutella xylostella in the field from 2005 to 2016 were collected, and the correlation analysis was made with meteorological factors. The analysis method used was RandomForestalgorithm of random forest. According to the results of random forest model, we can conclude that among the meteorological factors affecting the occurrence degree of Plutella xylostella, the "mean temperature" has the highest correlation with the occurrence of Plutella xylostella. In addition, "average relative humidity" also played a certain role in the occurrence of Plutella xylostella. The investigation of Shandong Agricultural University experiment field in 2015 showed that August and September were the peak period of Chinese cabbage pests, and the number of pests gradually decreased in October. But with the decrease of temperature, the occurrence rate of aphid increased. Compared with common Chinese cabbage, several common pests of Chinese cabbage are more serious in organic Chinese cabbage, especially the aphid. It was found that when the storage temperature of Chinese cabbage was above 5 鈩，

本文编号：2033160