关于「カラ」谈话机能的考察

发布时间：2018-01-11 17:21

本文关键词：关于「カラ」谈话机能的考察　出处：《重庆大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对于中国的日语学习者来说,看到日语句中的接续助词「カラ」往往翻译为“原因,理由”,但在日本的小说、漫画和电视剧中却会发现有时候是无法把句中的接续助词「カラ」解读为“原因,理由”的,甚至如何翻译文中的接续助词「カラ」的情况也是非常多的。同时,因为日本人的说话习惯和“以心传心”的特殊文化,日语母语者往往习惯以接续助词结句,而不把话完全说完,这对于日语母语者而言是能够掌握到对方所要表达的意思的,而对于非日语母语者而言,要准确地体会到对方的表达意图则未必是件简单的事情。作为日语文末表现中出现率高且重要的组成部分接续助词「カラ」,丰富了日语表现力的同时也给日语学习者带来了不少的困惑。日语学界关于接续助词「カラ」的研究由来已久,已经在日语语言史的研究、格助词「カラ」的用法研究,「カラ」、「ノデ」的对比研究等方面取得了丰硕成果,然而从谈话机能的角度出发对接续助词「カラ」所做的探讨却还很不充分。随着日本电视产业和漫画产业的普及,日本人日常生活中出现频率高的接续助词「カラ」的用法和谈话机能越来越被关注。本文在参考先行文献的基础上,利用SAKURA EDITOR语料库软件为检索工具,以日本本土电视剧台词中出现的接续助词「カラ」为研究对象,从「カラ」在句末中的谈话机能,句末「カラ」中说话者的说话意图,听话者对「カラ」文末表现的反应这三点出发,全面分析接续助词「カラ」的文末表现,总结并得出以下结论：(1)日常生活中,接续助词「カラ」不仅有表示“原因,理由”的意思,也有许多不表示原因和理由的情况,而且大多出现在谈话语中。接续助词「カラ」在谈话语中被理解成“原因,理由”时,往往有“解释行为,判断说明”的谈话机能；而不表示“原因,理由”时还存在新的谈话机能,而这些是未被日语学习者注意到的。关于接续助词「カラ」句末表现的谈话机能总结如下：①解释说明理由的机能②激励对方的机能(心理上)③激励对方的机能(行动上)④终止对方行为意识的机能⑤要求对方反馈信息的机能。(2)由上述观点分析出文末的接续助词「カラ」是包含说话者的主观态度的,也就是说接续助词「カラ」在文末中有传达说话者意图的同时并要求对方去做某些行为或者给出某些反应的,因此这其中也包含了说话者本身的情绪,在口语中经常会加上语气词「ヨ」、「ネ」,所以本文接着对文末的接续助词「カラ」中说话者的情绪进行了分析。分析发现,说话者除了表达“强调判断”和“期待对方反应”之外,在有「ネ」的附加时多是希望获得对方的同意和对该事物反应的回馈；而在有「ヨ」的附加时则是说话者强烈的表达内心的感觉。接续助词「カラ」放在句末时,常常包含说话者的如下情绪以间接地表达说话者的说话意图。①说话者的强调意图②期待对方反应的意图③希望得到对方赞成的意图(加终助词「ネ」)④向对方确认的意图(加终助词「ネ」)⑤说话者的强调意图(加终助词「ヨ」)⑥说话者积极诉说并希望对方了解的意图(加终助词「ヨ」)(3)针对说话者在句末利用「カラ」结句的不完整句子现象,听话者的反应常表现如下：①对说话者的说明或判断表示理解②对说话者的说明或判断表示不赞成③终止话题④对说话者的说明或判断表示同意并转移话题。⑤对说话者的说明或判断无法理解。最后笔者发现,在中国人日语学习者用的日语教科书当中,针对接续助词「カラ」的句末用法,其谈话机能分析涉及的比较少且日语学习者对此掌握的并不好,因此笔者将以上分析运用到日语教学中,希望中国日语学习者能够从日本人的生活会话中体会到日本人独特的说话习惯并加以运用。在论文的最后,笔者基于本研究结果提出了对于接续助词「カラ」的教育及习得的建议。
[Abstract]:Chinese for Japanese learners, see Japanese sentences in the form of "lumira" continuation auxiliary often translated as "reason, reason", but in Japan's novels, comics and TV play but sometimes cannot put the sentences in the form of lumira "instead of particles" interpreted as "the reason, reason, even how to translate the word" Dhaka lumira connection "situation is very much. At the same time, because of the special cultural habits Japanese and" koans ", Japanese native speakers are often used to place auxiliary node sentence, but not the words completely finished, it is able to master each other to express the meaning of the Japanese for native speakers, and for non Japanese speakers, to accurately feel each other's expression of intention is not a simple matter. As the Japanese at the end of this paper appeared in part of high performance and important connecting particles" Dhaka lumira ", enrich the Japanese expression at the same time also to the Japanese learners brought a lot of confusion. The study of Japanese scholars on the connection form of lumira" particles "long-standing, already in the Japanese language history research, on the use of Dhaka lumira" auxiliary "," Dhaka lumira "," no data "the comparative study has achieved fruitful results, but from the perspective of discourse function for" lumira "continuation auxiliary form but is not sufficient. With the popularity of Japanese TV industry and cartoon industry, Japanese daily life in the high frequency word" Dhaka lumira "will continue the peace talks and phone usage more attention. Based on the previous literature, the use of SAKURA EDITOR software for corpus retrieval tools in Japan TV lines appear in the form of" lumira "continuation auxiliary as the research object, from the form of" lumira "at the end of the sentence. The conversation function, at the end of the sentence "lumira" in the form of the speaker's intentions, obedient to the form of "lumira" at the end of the reaction of the three point of view, a comprehensive analysis of performance "lumira" continuation auxiliary form at the end of the paper, summarizes and draws the following conclusions: (1) the daily life, the form of lumira "auxiliary connection" not only means "reason, reason" means, there are many reasons why the situation is not expressed, but most of them appear in the discourse about. "Lumira" continuation auxiliary form is understood as "talking about words, reason, often have" explain behavior judgment that "conversation function; and not" reasons, has a new conversation function of reason ", which is not by Japanese learners notice. On the form of" lumira "continuation auxiliary performance on the phone at the end of the sentence can be summed up as follows: to explain the reasons of the incentive function each other's function (psychological) The incentive function of each other (action) and other functions of the termination behavior consciousness request feedback function. (2) from the view of text at the end of the "lumira" is the continuation auxiliary form contains the speaker's subjective attitude, that is to say "lumira" in the form of auxiliary connection at the end of this paper is to convey at the same time the speaker's intention and ask each other to do some action or give some response, so it also includes the speaker's own emotions in spoken language often with words "", "", so the author at the end of "lumira" in the form of continuation auxiliary speaker's emotions are analysis found that, in addition to the expression of the speaker "emphasize the judgment" and "expect a reaction", with "" additional more is to obtain the consent of the other party and respond to the things in the feedback; "" attached Overtime is the expression of inner feelings. The speaker strongly "lumira" continuation auxiliary form at the end of a sentence, the speaker often contain following feelings to indirectly express the speaker's intentions. The speaker's intention to emphasize response to each other's intention in the hope to get each other in favor of the intent (plus ending particles "" the confirmation of the intention) to the other ("plus final particle") the speaker's intention that (with final particle "") the positive intention and wish each other to tell the speaker know (and final particle "") (3) according to the speaker at the end of the sentence by the form of "lumira" knot sentence is not complete sentence phenomenon, the hearer reaction usually are as follows: the speaker instructions or judgment of the speaker's understanding or disapproval of the termination judgment topic. The speaker or judge agreed and change the subject. On the speaker's description or judgment to understand. Finally the author found that, in Chinese Japanese learners with Japanese textbooks, for use at the end of the sentence "lumira" continuation auxiliary form, the phone can talk about the analysis of the relatively few Japanese learners to master is not good, so I will use the above analysis to in Japanese teaching, I hope China Japanese learners can Japanese from life experience to Japanese unique conversational speech habits and to use. At the end of the thesis, the author based on the results of this study are put forward for the education and learning "lumira" continuation auxiliary form of advice.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H36

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