关于日语中食感表达的研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 03:44

本文关键词： 食感拟声拟态词日语教育　出处：《北京外国语大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于日语中的形容词较为贫乏,在具体描述事物的性状、状态、口感、味道时常常用拟声拟态词进行修饰描写,于是形成了较为发达的拟声拟态词系统。日本电视节目中美食节目和电视广告中与食物有关的拟声拟态词层出不穷,而我国的日语课本中拟声拟态词的学习却极少,因此这一难题始终困扰着日语学习者。为了解决这些问题,本论文以“体现食物感觉的拟声拟态词”为研究对象,希望能管中窥豹深入地研究日语拟声拟态词的特点。拟声拟态词之所以会成为我们学习日语的难点之一。究其原因,一是其数量众多,形式多样,接续也不拘一格；二是由于中国学习者并不生活在日本,很难体会到日语拟声拟态词所描摹事物的形状及状态感觉究竟如何。对于第一个问题,本论文将在第三章中用例句和图表等形式对日语的接续方式和在句子中的作用进行解说,对于第二个问题,本论文将尽量对文中的例句进行详细分析和解释,另外,作为今后的课题,也将对附录进行完善,附上中文解释。本论文的分析对象词语的选定标准如下。首先以“体现食物感觉的拟声拟态词”为研究对象,以日语词汇学为理论指导,根据日语拟声拟态词的定义和食物的评判标准,确定了作为研究对象的描写食物的拟声拟态词的基本条件。然后,依据此条件,通过辞典,语料库及文献资料收集了大量符合条件的词汇,在进行分类整理后,排除了一些陈旧,重复的词语,经过筛选和再确认后,最终建立了由119个体现食物特性的拟声拟态词组成的数据库。该数据库中每个词语都配以解释说明,并有例句作为支持(见附录)。根据数据库中的数据资料,将日语有关食感的拟声拟态词按照语义和使用方法对数据进行分类整理,总结出其特征和使用规律。根据以上分析,初步可以得出以下结论： 1.从词语的形态上来看,人们在使用日语拟声拟态词时,会根据场合,突出强调的需要,在词中适当地添加拨音,长音或促音。可见,拟声拟态词的使用并不拘泥于一定的语法和形态形式,而是多变的,随意的。 2.在词语的使用上,日语的拟声拟态词大体分为连用修饰,连体修饰和文末表现三类,但在实际使用中,一个词语并不拘泥于一种使用形式,部分词语有时也会按照形容词,或形容动词的方式接续。 3.描摹食物感觉的拟声拟态词中,有的词是跨域的,即可以同时表示两种以上的感觉。 4.描写食物的粘稠感和食物在口腔内咀嚼产生的口感及嚼劲的词语较多,且多为褒义词,这和日本人喜爱的食物的性质有密切的关系。在学习日语的拟声拟态词时,不仅要掌握其含义及语法规律,还应在理解,掌握并正确使用日语拟声拟态词的基础上,创造性地灵活运用,才能使日语文章和日常会话表达得更加贴切生动。
[Abstract]:Because the adjectives in Japanese are relatively poor, they often use onomatopoeia to describe the characters, state, taste and taste of things. Therefore, a more developed onomatopoeia system was formed. In Japanese television programs, food programs and television advertisements related to food onomatopoeia words emerge one after another. However, the study of onomatopoeia in Chinese Japanese textbooks is very few, so this difficult problem has always troubled Japanese learners. In order to solve these problems. In this paper, we study the mimicry words of food sensation, and hope to study the characteristics of Japanese onomatopoeia in depth. The reason why onomatopoeia becomes one of the difficulties in learning Japanese is that the number of onomatopoeia is numerous, the form is diverse, and the continuity is not fixed. Second, because Chinese learners do not live in Japan, it is difficult to understand the shape and state of things described by Japanese onomatopoeia. In the third chapter, examples and charts are used to explain the continuity of Japanese and its role in sentences. For the second question, this thesis will try to analyze and explain the examples in detail. In addition, as a future topic, the appendix will be perfected, with Chinese explanation attached. The target words of this thesis are chosen as follows. Firstly, the "mimicatopoeia words reflecting food sensation" is taken as the research object, and Japanese lexicology is taken as the theoretical guide. According to the definition of Japanese onomatopoeia and the criteria of food evaluation, this paper determines the basic conditions of onomatopoeia describing food as the object of study. Then, according to this condition, the dictionary is adopted. Corpus and literature collected a large number of qualified words, after sorting out some old, repetitive words, after screening and reconfirmation. Finally, a database consisting of 119 onomatopoeia words embodying food characteristics was established, in which each word was accompanied by explanatory explanations. According to the data in the database, the Japanese onomatopoeia words about the sense of food are classified and sorted according to the semantic and usage methods. Summarize its characteristic and use law. Based on the above analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. In terms of the morphology of words, when people use Japanese onomatopoeia words, they will add dial, long or accelerated sound to the words according to the situation and the highlighted needs. The use of onomatopoeia is not confined to certain grammatical and morphological forms, but changeable and random. 2. In the use of words, Japanese onomatopoeia words can be divided into three categories: conjunctive modification, conjunctive modification and final representation, but in practical use, a word is not restricted to one form of use. Some words sometimes follow adjectives or verbs. 3. In onomatopoeia words that describe food sensation, some words are cross-domain, that is to say, two or more sensations can be expressed at the same time. 4. There are many words describing the viscous feeling of food and the taste and chewiness produced by food chewing in the mouth, and most of them are commendatory words. This is closely related to the nature of the Japanese favorite food. In learning Japanese onomatopoeia, we should not only grasp its meaning and grammatical rules, but also understand it. On the basis of mastering and correctly using Japanese onomatopoeia words and using them creatively and flexibly, Japanese articles and daily conversation can be expressed more vividly.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H36

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