关于“のだ”的意义与功能

发布时间：2018-02-22 08:54

本文关键词： のだ构造用法语用学　出处：《天津师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：关于“のだ”的说法，，一种说法是它通过一语化得来，从这个意义上探究它的意义及用法；另一种说法是，通过范围的角度来探讨“のだ”的功能。 “のだ”是将“だ”接在具有名词功能的“の”之后，因此说它是一语化的词。即使没有明确说明它的一语化构成，也会把它当成一个独立的组成来考察它的意义和功能。作为范围来讲的“のだ”，是为了使它之前的部分变为名词的用法，由“の”与“だ”组合得来的。在不含表范围的“のだ范”的句子中，基本上否定事态成立会成为句子的的焦点。使用表范围的“のだ”来表示范围，既定事实以外的部分则成为焦点。不过，也有一些表示范围的“のだ”会视情况被省略。通过使表范围的“のだ”，可以将动词短语等变成名词的形式。因此，使它变成名词的性质。含有表范围的“のだ”的在肯定句中表示对立的事态不成立；在否定句中则表示对立的事态成立。因此，从这里生出了既定事实以外的部分成为否定焦点的性质。在含有表范围的”のだ”的句子中，作为放入范围内的要素，格成分、表示限制的修饰成分、谓语的一部分等就成为焦点。也有根据在固定框架中放入要素的顺序来表示不同意义的“框架固定句”。决定焦点位置的因素主要是作为句子成分的必要性。次要的因素是句子的重音。此外，如果谓语的一部分成为焦点，则是由于上下文的影响。对于表示语气的“のだ”，则被对事的语气还是对人的语气这条轴，和与实际情况和上下文是否有关这条轴分成四部分。表示对事语气的“のだ”是说话人对既定事实不了解时所用的。在作为处于表示范围的“のだ”和表示对人语气的“刃龙”中间位置的名词句中，“のだ”也可以省略。相关的对事的“のだ”，是在把握实际情况和上下文时的用法。对于不相关的对事的“のだ”，是在把握既定事实的情况时的用法。表示对事语气的“のだつた”可以分为回忆和后悔两种情绪。表示对人语气的“のだ”是说话人提示听话人所不了解的既定事实，表现说话人想要让听话人了解的心情。也带有告诉、指教和强调的语气。相关的对人的“のだ”，用于提示实际情况和上下文，使听话人了解事实。也就是说，从说明的功能开始来扩展“のだ”的用法。不相关的对人的“のだ”，用于特指既定的事实和表示指示。对人的“のだつた”，用于故事中的过去，在相关场合和叙述故事进行过程中发生的具有重大意义的场合以及咏叹的场合中使用。此外，从理论框架上关联性理论的角度来研究含有“のだ”的句子。从“のだ”所具有的“程序意义”的“表意”“高级表意”和“推意”三个层次来分析“のだ”的语用功能。
[Abstract]:About Noda "argument, an argument is it through words to explore the meaning and usage of it in this sense; another argument is that the scope of the perspective of Noda function.
Noda is the "importance" after the noun has the function of "no", so that it is one of the words. Even if it did not specify the language form, also can regard it as an independent form to study its function and meaning.
As for the scope of Noda, in order to make it become part of the noun before usage, by the "no" and "importance" to the combination.
In the scope of the table does not contain Noda fan "in the sentence, basically negative things will become the focus of the establishment of sentences. Use the table range Noda to indicate the scope, fact of outside part has become the focus. However, there are also some scope" of Noda will as the case is omitted.
The scope of the table Noda, can be turned into a verb noun form. Therefore, make it a noun.
A table containing the scope of Noda in the affirmative said the opposite situation is not established; in negative sentences said opposite situation was established. Therefore, from here have become part of the established facts outside the focus of negation in nature.
In a table containing range "of Noda sentence, as in the elements within the scope of the lattice component, said modifier limits, the predicate part becomes the focus. There are different meanings according to the said in a frame into the elements of the sequence" frame fixed sentence ".
The main factors to determine the focus position is a necessity as sentence elements. The secondary factor is the sentence stress. In addition, if part of the predicate focus is due to context effects. For the mood of Noda, is about the tone of human language or the gas shaft. And with the actual situation and context on this axis is divided into four parts.
What "said the tone of Noda is the speaker does not understand the fact of. In the range of" as a representation of Noda and said on the mood of the middle position NOUN edge long sentences, "Noda" can be omitted.
Related to that Noda, is in the grasp of the actual situation and context of usage. For the unrelated things Noda, is in the grasp of the established facts of the usage.
What "said the tone of Noda feeling:" can be divided into two kinds of emotional memories and regrets.
Said on the mood of Noda is a fact that the speaker hearer do not understand, want to express the speaker to get the hearer to understand the mood. Also with tell, advice and emphasis.
Related to the person "of Noda, used to indicate the actual situation and context, the hearer to understand the facts. That is to say, from the description of function began to expand Noda usage.
Not related to human Noda, especially for the fact and instructions.
The Noda analysis for "the story of the past, for use, is of great significance to occur in the process of the circumstances and situations in Arias related occasions and storytelling.
In addition, to study with Noda sentence from the theoretical framework of relevance theory. From the angle of Noda has "procedural meaning" "ideographic" advanced "ideographic" and "push" to analyze the three levels of Noda pragmatic functions.

【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H36

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