「～てある」的意义和周边

发布时间：2018-02-26 23:10

本文关键词： 相多义结构格助词　出处：《上海外国语大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以「～てある」的意义特征为中心，也进行了「～てある」与「～ておく」结构的比较。通常认为「～てある」结构的意义与本动词「ある」的意义关系紧密，所以与「ある」的基本义对照，总结了「～てある」结构的多义构造。「ある」的多重意义可总结如下。基本义客观物的存在派生义①客观、主观事物的所有 ②动作、事件的发生和实现 ③实现所期待的作用「～てある」结构的多重构造可总结如下。基本义客观物体受到行为而产生的结果的存在情景的描写派生义①结果状态的存续 ②放任的状态然后，将「～てある」结构分为ガ格「～てある」结构和ヲ格「～てある」结构，分别总结了它们的特征。ガ格「～てある」结构以被作用的对象为重心，动作的对象成为该结构的主语，实施动作的主体有被排除的倾向。ガ格「～てある」结构与本动词「ある」的基本义「客观物体的存在」相呼应，「ある」与格助词「が」的关系紧密。在同一个句子里，，可以看到不少本动词「ある」与ガ格「～てある」同时应用的状况，两个用法都平等地表示存在的意义。ヲ格「～てある」结构以动作和行为为重心，以动作主发起的行为的结果存续状态为重心，比ガ格「～てある」结构意志性稍强，没有排除动作主的倾向，跟表示准备、目的等意思的副词同用也很自然。ヲ格「～てある」结构中，他动词起主要的意思，格助词「を」与他动词的联系紧密，抽象性比ガ格「～てある」结构高。本文也比较了「～てある」结构与「～ておく」结构，这两个结构的共通点是「～てある」结构与「～ておく」结构与意志动词同时使用，可以跟表示准备、目的的副词同时使用。这两个结构的不同是「～てある」是表示被动的状态，「～ておく」表示意志的行为；「～てある」结构重点在结果，「～ておく」结构重点放在行为上。关于「～てある」结构与「～ておく」结构的互换也做了讨论。能与ガ格「～てある」结构互换的「～ておく」结构有如下的特点。「～ておく」结构动作主被省略，或者被话题化，动作对象能够被主体化是必要的条件，「～ておく」结构中也不能伴随表示准备、达成目的意思的副词。ヲ格「～てある」与「～ておく」是同样的句体，ヲ格「～てある」结构与「～ておく」结构能互换的情况很多，可以说「～ておいた」结构与ヲ格「～てある」结构是对应的。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the meaning characteristics of the "~ Li", and makes a comparison between the "" and "" structure. It is generally believed that the meaning of the structure is closely related to the meaning of this verb, so compared with the basic meaning of the verb, the polysemous structure of the structure is summarized. The multiple meanings of the structure can be summarized as follows. The existence of objective objects of basic meaning. Derivation 1 all objective, subjective things. 2 actions, the occurrence and implementation of events. (3) to realize the desired function, the multiple structures of the structure can be summarized as follows. A description of the existence of the result of an act on an objective object. The continuation of the result state of derivative 1. 2 the state of laissez-faire. Then, the structure is divided into two types: the structure and the structure, and their characteristics are summarized respectively. The object of action becomes the subject of the structure. The subject of the action has the tendency to be excluded. The basic meaning of the verb "Li Yi" echoes the basic meaning of the verb "the existence of the objective object", and the relation between the "Li" and the auxiliary word "Li" is close. In the same sentence, It can be seen that many of the verbs are used at the same time, both of which indicate the meaning of existence equally. The structure is centered on action and behavior, with the result of the action initiated by the action as the center of gravity, which is a little stronger than the structure of the action. It does not rule out the tendency of the main action, and shows preparation. It is also natural that the adverbs of the same meaning are used together. In the structure of "Yu", he verbs play the main meaning, and the auxiliary word "Hu" is closely related to his verbs, and the abstract structure is higher than that of the "Li". In this paper, we also compare the two structures: "the structure" and "the structure". The common point of the two structures is that the structure is used simultaneously with the structure of the will and the verb of will, which can be used in conjunction with the verb of will, and can be used with the expression of preparation. The difference between the two structures is that the two structures mean passive state, and that the structure of "to" means the behavior of will, and the structure of "" is focused on the result, and the structure of "" is focused on the behavior. This paper also discusses the interchanges between the structure of "" and "". The structure which can be interchanged with the structure of "" is characterized by the following characteristics. The action of the structure is mainly omitted, or subject to topic, as shown by the following characteristics of the structure, which can be interchangeable with the structure of the "tautte", which is characterized by the following characteristics: (1) the main action of the structure is omitted, or the structure is subject to the topic. It is necessary for the object of action to be subject, and the adverb that indicates the preparation and the meaning of the purpose can not be accompanied by the adverb. There are a lot of cases in which the structure can be interchangeable with the structure. It can be said that the structure is corresponding to the structure.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H36

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