《日本的医疗制度与政策》第十章的翻译实践报告

发布时间：2018-03-11 10:17

本文选题：文本分类　切入点：表达功能性　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《日本的医疗制度与政策》是一部社科类的文本,全面而系统地介绍了日本各个时期医疗制度的结构,并通过与欧美等国的对比,揭示了日本当今医疗制度的弊端,并对今后日本医疗的改革提出了建议和展望。笔者参与了本书第十章的翻译工作(译本已经于2016年11月由南京大学出版社出版),本报告是对此次翻译实践活动的总结与反思,希望能为笔者今后社科类文本的翻译实践活动提供参考。在本翻译实践报告中,首先,笔者对译者进行翻译工作所需要的翻译能力进行了论述。接着,笔者尝试应用西方翻译学者彼得·纽马克(Peter Newmark)的文本分析法对本次的翻译作品进行了文本分析和分类,将此次的文本分类为表达功能型文本。纽马克提出针对不同的文本应当采取不同的翻译方法和标准,且从文本的角度看,表达型文本通常以语义翻译为主。另一方面,纽马克又认为语义翻译和交际翻译的运用不是绝对的,二者可以交换使用,在同一篇作品中,有的部分采用语义翻译,有的部分采用交际翻译,二者相辅相成,互为补充。因此,在翻译《日本的医疗制度与政策》一书时,笔者采取了以语义翻译为主导,适当以交际翻译为辅的翻译方法。在具体的翻译技巧和翻译策略方面,本报告借助了相关翻译家的理论和观点,列举了翻译过程中常见的词义转换和词类转换,以及主动式和被动式之间的相互转换,并对其进行了详细的分析。在词义转换方面,笔者细分出词义的派生和词义具体化两种方法。由于中日文化存在较多差异,对于表达同一事物上也各不相同,因此在满足既不违背原作者意图的前提下,又要避免在译文中产生违和感。因此面对文本中出现的固定概念和陌生词汇时,词义的派生和词义具体化这两种方法就显得尤为重要。在词类转换中,笔者主要列举了翻译过程中最常见的两种翻译方法,分别是将名词作为动词进行翻译,和将形容词作为动词进行翻译的方法。在翻译中经常会出现多个名词或形容词组成的长句子,在翻译这类长句时,适当地将个别名词或形容词转换为动词翻译的话,译文就会变得言简意赅,通俗易懂,从而也体现了社科类文本的特点。当然,日文中还经常会出现连续多个被动句子,在翻译这类句子时,如果千篇一律地按照日文的顺序进行被动式翻译的话,就会出现翻译腔严重,译文苦涩难懂,死板无趣等问题。因此利用主动式与被动式的互相转换就很好的解决了这一翻译难题。本报告总体上借助了彼得·纽马克提出的文本类型分类和语义翻译理论把握了本次翻译分析和总结的基本方向。对于翻译中出现的具体问题,本文还另外结合了樊永前,王宗杰等翻译家们的理论和观点进行了分析论证,以力求找到最合理的策略来解决翻译中的各问题,做到用词精准,语言平实易懂。
[Abstract]:Japan's Medical system and Policy is a social science text, which comprehensively and systematically introduces the structure of Japan's medical system in various periods, and reveals the drawbacks of Japan's current medical system through a comparison with Europe and the United States and other countries. The author has participated in the translation of chapter 10th of this book, which was published by Nanjing University Press in November 2016. This report is a summary and reflection of the translation practice. In this translation practice report, first of all, the author discusses the translation ability required by the translator for translation work. The author tries to use the text analysis method of Peter Newmark, a western translator, to analyze and classify the translated works. Newmark proposed that different translation methods and standards should be adopted for different texts, and from the perspective of the text, the expressive text is usually based on semantic translation. On the other hand, Newmark also holds that the use of semantic translation and communicative translation is not absolute, they can be used interchangeably. In the same work, some parts adopt semantic translation, some part adopt communicative translation, and the two complement each other. Therefore, in translating Japan's Medical system and Policy, the author has adopted a translation method, which is based on semantic translation and supplemented by communicative translation, in terms of specific translation techniques and translation strategies. With the help of the theories and viewpoints of relevant translators, this report enumerates the common translation process of word meaning conversion and part of speech conversion, as well as the mutual conversion between active and passive forms, and makes a detailed analysis of them. The author subdivides the derivation of word meaning and the concretization of word meaning. Because there are many differences in Chinese and Japanese culture, and they are different in expressing the same thing, so they satisfy the premise that they are not contrary to the intention of the original author. Therefore, in the face of fixed concepts and unfamiliar words in the text, the derivation of word meaning and the materialization of word meaning are especially important. The author mainly lists the two most common translation methods in the process of translation, which are the translation of nouns as verbs. And the method of translating adjectives as verbs. Long sentences consisting of more than one noun or adjective are often found in translation. In translating such long sentences, appropriate translation of individual nouns or adjectives into verbs is carried out. The translation will become concise and easy to understand, thus reflecting the characteristics of social science texts. Of course, there are often consecutive passive sentences in Japanese, and in translating such sentences, If passive translation is carried out in the same order in Japanese, there will be a serious translation cavity, and the translation will be bitter and difficult to understand. Therefore, the use of active and passive interconversion is a good way to solve this translation problem. In general, this report is based on the classification of text types and semantic translation theory put forward by Peter Newmark. Grasp the basic direction of this translation analysis and summary. For the specific problems in translation, This paper also combines the theories and viewpoints of Fan Yongqian and Wang Zongjie in order to find the most reasonable strategies to solve the problems in translation and to make the words accurate and easy to understand.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H36

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