关于体的中日对照研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 21:05

本文选题：「テイル」形　切入点：“着”　出处：《南京农业大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】：在上大学低年级学生的日语课时,经常会被学生问到“这个和中文的什么相对应？”等类似的问题。在外语学习的初级阶段,不仅仅是单词就连一些文法现象初学者也会和自己的母语对应起来理解。单词的话确实是由于历史的关系,有很多都是一一对应的,但文法现象却不能简单的一一对应起来记忆。比如,日语里的过去助动词「タ」并不能简单的翻成汉语的“了”,日语里的「テイル」形并不能简单的翻成汉语的“着”。关于前者,已有比较全面的研究,但对于后者,全面的系统性的对照研究却并不多见。本稿从对照语言学的立场出发,对两国的体的形式,日语的「テイル」形和汉语的“着”进行研究。本论文以村上春树的《挪威森林》的第一和第二章,鲁迅的《阿Q正传》、《故乡》、《狂人日记》为对象进行检索,收集「テイル」形和“着”的例子,然后参照这些例子的中文和日文的翻译,进行分析,找出两者的共同点和不同点。由于时间和能力的有限,本论文仅以四篇小说为对象进行资料统计,取得的数据并不完全,并且由于是人工统计可能会存在一定程度的误差。因此研究不可避免会有一些不够准确不够充分的地方。本论文的创新点笔者认为有以下三个地方。首先,语言对比有一个参照系的问题,或者说是参照基准。历来关于两者的研究都是以一种语言为参照系,以目前能找到的资料基本上都是以日语的「テイル」形或中文的“着”为出发点进行研究的。本论文的主体部分又分为两个部分,一个部分是以日语的「テイル」形为出发点进行研究,另一部分以中文的“着”为出发点,可以说比以往的论文分析的更加系统全面,也可以说是本论文的一个创新之处。无论是以汉语为母语的日语初学者还是以日语为母语的汉语初学者都有一定的参考价值。其次,笔者对「テイル」形没有对应翻译的场合总结出了四种情况分别是：①省略了“着”的场合(翻成“着”也完全可以)；②某些特殊动词的场合；③「テイル」形表示恒长,习惯的场合；④有动量补语存在的场合。这是基于实际调查总结出的结论。第三,关于“正(在)”这个词,从语用学的角度提出了自己的看法。历来的研究都是认为「テイル」形表示进行时翻译成“正(在)”,表持续时翻译成“着”,但有时进行和持续根本无法划清界限。因此笔者认为“正(在)＋动词＋着”是一种强调表现,因为去掉“正(在)”的话依旧符合语法。“正(在)＋动词”的情况看成是省略了“着”,其实「テイル」形还是译成“着”,而不是译成“正(在)” 接下来简单的说明一下本论文的结构。本论文是关于中日体的对照研究,主要围绕日语的「テイル」形和汉语的“着”进行考察。本论文共六章。第一章是序论,先介绍了一下本论文的定位和先行研究。第二章是确定范围,介绍了体的定义,辞典上对「テイル」形和“着”解释。第三章考察了「テイル」形·“着”和动词的性格。第四章基于《挪威森林》的前两章中出现的「テイル」形的调查报告,考察了「テイル」形和中文翻译的几种对应情况。第五章变换了顺序,基于《阿Q正传》《故乡》《狂人日记》中出现的“着”的调查报告,从“着”出发考察其对应关系。第六章是本论文对以上考察的归纳总结,把「テイル」形和“着”的对应关系归纳成图表、并提出今后的课题。
[Abstract]:In the low grade students in College Japanese class, often asked the students and the corresponding Chinese what? "And other similar problems. In the early stages of language learning, not just words even some grammar phenomena will be beginners and my own language correspond to understand words. It is due to the history of the relationship, there are a lot of one-to-one, but the grammar phenomenon can not simply correspond to memory. For example, the Japanese auxiliary verb in the past" Ta "and cannot be simply translated into Chinese", "Japanese" - te IRU "and cannot be simply translated into Chinese the" a ". The former has been studied comprehensively, but for the latter, the control system of the comprehensive research is rare. This paper from the standpoint of comparative linguistics, to their style, Japanese" - te IRU "and Chinese Research is carried out.
In this paper, the first and the second chapter of Haruki Murakami's "Norway forest >, < Lu Xun > > Ah Q < <, > home, diary of a madman as the object to retrieve, collect" - te IRU "and" a "example, then refer to these examples Chinese and Japanese translation, analysis, common identify and differences between the two. Because of the time and ability is limited, this paper only takes four novels as the object of statistics, the data is not complete, and is due to human error statistics may exist to a certain extent. So inevitably there will be some inaccurate inadequate.
The author thinks there are three places in this paper.
First of all, language compared with a reference frame, or a reference datum. Research on both are always in a language for reference, to present the information can be found basically is in Japanese "- te IRU" or "Chinese" as a starting point for research the main part of the thesis is divided into two parts, one part is in Japanese "- te IRU" as a starting point, the other part of the Chinese "with" as the starting point, it can be said than the past analysis more comprehensive system, can also be said to be a the innovation of this paper. It is native Chinese or Japanese beginners in Japanese speaking Chinese beginners have a certain reference value.
Secondly, the author of "- te IRU" has no corresponding translation occasions summed up the four kinds of situations are: the ellipsis of "a" occasions (translated as "can") some special occasions; the verb; 3 "- te IRU" said Heng Long habits of the occasion 4; the existence of dynamic complement. This is the conclusion based on the actual investigation.
Third, about "(in)" of the word, put forward their views from the perspective of pragmatics. Most of the studies are considered "- te IRU" said "is translated into (in)", translated into "durative", but sometimes cannot draw and continue clear boundaries. So I think "(in) + Verb +" is an emphasis on performance, because "it is removed (in)" it is still in accordance with the grammar. "(in) + verb" as the ellipsis of "a", in fact "- te IRU" is translated into "a", rather than "is translated into (in)"
Then a brief description of the structure of this paper.
This paper is comparative study on Sino Japanese body, mainly around the Japanese "- te IRU" and "Chinese" were investigated. The thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, first introduced the location and advance the research. The second chapter is to determine the scope, introduces the definition of body the Dictionary of "- te IRU" and "interpretation". The third chapter examines the "- te IRU" form "and" verb character. The fourth chapter is based on the "investigation report of Norway forest" in the first two chapters of "- te IRU", "Department of investigation and," and Chinese translation. The fifth chapter several corresponding transform order, based on the true story of Ah Q > > < appear Home > in the diary of a madman "" investigation report ", from the corresponding relation of the study. The sixth chapter is the summary of the above investigation, the Department of" division, "and" a " The corresponding relationship is summed up into a chart and the future topics are put forward.

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H36;H146

【参考文献】