日语终助词承接形的结合方式与意义功能的相关性考察

发布时间：2018-05-25 20:26

本文选题：终助词 + 承接形　；参考：《北京外国语大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：语法化现象不仅体现在内容语(实词)向功能语(虚词)转化的过程中,也可以体现在功能语内部的转化过程中。现代日语中,终助词承接形的构成要素结合方式的变化导致承接形意义和功能的生成及转变,可以说是其中一例。本研究以常用的7个终助词承接形1为对象,把它们看成一个体系,以语法化程度为标准进行考察,并在此基础上分析语法化程度的差异对承接形在句子结构中的地位产生的影响。本研究由以下六章构成。序章中对本研究的研究对象、研究目的、研究立场和方法作概括的说明。然后通过介绍和分析单独终助词和终助词承接现象的有关先行研究,指出其不足之处,确立本研究的着眼点和研究价值,即要用动态的视点研究句末“终助词+终助词”这类承接形的构成要素和意义功能的形成/转变之间的关系。第一章主要从单独终助词研究和终助词承接研究两个方面分别分析先行研究,指出其不足。在此基础上确定了本研究的研究对象,研究立场和方法。具体来说就是以现代日语常用例句为范围,找出常用的承接形,并按使用频率排序,选取最常用的几种形式,然后系统地并且动态地分析其在构成要素的结合方式和意义变化方面的特点。第二章分三个小节对终助词承接形进行分析。即把选定的七个承接形从构成要素的结合方式上分成三类,并从各类的意义功能和句末功能上分析说明。具体来说,在意义功能和句末功能上,“かな”已经具备表达“思考和信息处理过程中的疑惑”这种“+α意义”,属于“融合型”；“かよ”“わよ”“わね”依然是构成要素原本的功能在发挥作用,没有生成“+α意义”,属于“加算型”；“とね”“よな”“かね”在一定条件下有时候生成“+α意义”,以动态的视点来看的话属于“过渡型”。第三章里,本研究导入语法化理论,对终助词承接形从构成要素结合的语法化程度差异上进行梳理,从而看出三分类其实是按照语法化程度由低到高连续排列。具体来说本章首先从复合辞研究讲起,从语法化理论角度对终助词承接形进行系统的分析,然后阐述其背后的语法化原因,并提出对终助词承接形语法化发生原因分析的新提案。第四章对含有终助词承接形的句子的结构进行了分析。由于语法化程度差异而分成的三类,其实在特定的上下文条件下从构成要素的结合方式方面说就是“加算式”和“融合式”两种方式。然后弄清分别在这两种方式下,承接形可与哪种情态(modality)表达共起,有何相互制约条件、两种方式对于句子结构的分析有何作用等。特别是在“加算式”方式下,由于构成要素相对独立,所以本研究对其要素间的相互承接的规则和限制作了较详细的论述。终章包括对本研究的总结和对今后课题的展望。基于对二项终助词承接形的分析提出的“承接规则”理论,对于没列入研究对象的三项承接形是否适用、如何适用?没有列入研究对象的还有“ものか”“のか”“じやないか”等,这种所谓的“类终助词”应如何看待?另外,虽然本研究证明了当代终助词承接形的语法化过程和意义扩张等,但从历时的角度看,具体的变化过程还要根据时代的不同详细考据才行。这些都是今后的研究课题和方向。
[Abstract]:The grammatical phenomenon is not only reflected in the transformation of the content language ( real word ) to the functional language ( imaginary word ) , but also in the conversion process inside the functional language . In the modern Japanese , the formation and transformation of the form factor and function of the form factor of the terminal - aid receiving form leads to the formation and transformation of the receiving - form meaning and function , which can be said to be one example .

This study consists of the following six chapters .

The research object , research aim , research position and method of this study are summarized in the preface . Then , through the introduction and analysis of the relevant leading research on the phenomenon of individual end - aid words and end - aid words , the author points out its deficiency , establishes the focus and research value of this study , that is , to study the relation between the formation and transformation of the constituent elements and meaning functions of the end - aid words + end - aid words in the dynamic viewpoint .

In the first chapter , the research object , the research position and the method of the research are analyzed respectively from the study of the individual end - aid words and the study of the final - aid words . In particular , the research object , the research position and the method of the research are determined . In particular , the common acceptance shapes are found out in the range of the commonly used example sentences in modern Japanese , and the most common forms are selected according to the use frequency . Then , the characteristics of their combination mode and significance change in the constituent elements are systematically and dynamically analyzed .

In chapter 2 , three sub - sections are divided into three sections , namely , the seven receiving forms are divided into three categories from the combination of constituent elements , and the significance function and the end function are analyzed . In particular , in the meaning function and the end function , " puzzle " already has the meaning of " doubt " in the process of thinking and information processing " , which belongs to " fusion type " ;
" Party A " is still a function of the constituent elements , and does not generate " + 伪 meaning " , which belongs to " additive type " ;
There is sometimes a " + . alpha . meaning " under certain conditions , and it belongs to " transition " in terms of dynamic viewpoint .

In the third chapter , this study introduces the grammar theory , and sorts out the differences of the grammatical degree between the composing elements and the composing elements , so that it can be seen that the three classification is actually from low to high continuous arrangement according to the degree of grammar .

The fourth chapter analyzes the structure of sentence structure which contains the form of terminating words . Because of the difference of the degree of grammar , the two methods of " additive formula " and " fusion " are introduced in the context of specific context .

The final chapter includes the summary of the study and the prospect of the future . Based on the analysis of the acceptance form of the two final words , how can the three receiving forms not included in the research object apply ? How to treat the so - called " end - of - class words " ?
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H36

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