日语名词谓语句的研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 09:52

  本文选题：名词（名词性短语）的意义特征 + 句末名词须有定语修饰的名词谓语句　； 参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：迄今为止，研究者就名词谓语句主谓间的意义关系做出了不少概念上的界定，诸如“措定·指定”关系等等。日语名词谓语句主谓间的意义关系看似简单，但实则不然。 本研究认为，构成谓语的名词（或名词性短语）其本身所具有的意义特征直接对名词谓语句主谓间的意义关系产生影响。具体说来，名词具有多样的意义特征，不仅可用来指人或物，表示名词性意义，还可以用来表示所指对象的特征、状态、动作，具有形容词性、动词性意义。名词之所以具有多样的意义特征，这与名词的结构不无关联。由形容词、动词转换而成的名词大多受到原有词义的影响，带有形容词性、动词性意义。定语不仅起到修饰作用，更能从意义的角度对被修饰的名词加以限定。由形容词（或形容词短语）、动词（或动词短语）、或具有形容词性、动词性意义的名词充当定语，构成的名词性短语同样具有形容词性、动词性意义。这类名词性短语用做谓语，将直接影响主谓间的意义关系。 本研究注重意义和形态的结合，将名词（或名词性短语）的意义特征分成本质、特征、状态及运动这四类。主要按照这一分类，就名词谓语句主谓间的意义关系展开详尽地、体系化地分析。 本研究通过名词谓语句主谓间意义关系的分析，明确了名词谓语句同动词谓语句、形容词谓语句之间的关联性，旨在揭示名词谓语句的典型性。具有形容词性、动词性意义的名词（或名词性短语）构成谓语时，谓语部分表示主语提示对象的特征、状态和动作。这类名词谓语句在句意上、功能上都与形容词谓语句、动词谓语句相近。典型的名词谓语句不仅具有名词谓语句的句式形态，而且还应表示名词性意义。所以说，典型的名词谓语句应是句式与意义的一致性表现。 此外，有一类名词谓语句的句末名词如果没有定语的修饰，就只具有名词谓语句的句式形态，无法表达完整的语义。本研究根据名词的意义功能的不同，将名词分成两类，一类只具有命名功能，而另一类不仅具有命名功能，还有自我修饰功能。根据句末名词所具有的意义功能、句末名词同主语名词（或名词性短语）之间的制约关系，揭示出此类名词谓语句的成因，即当只具有命名功能的名词用作句末名词时，往往需要由指示代词充当主语，名词谓语句才得以成立。倘若由其他的名词（或名词性短语）充当主语，句末名词只有借助定语的修饰，才能获得具体的意义。这样的名词谓语句不仅在句式形态上，而且在语义表达上也是完整的。 本研究中将鳗鱼句、表隐喻的名词谓语句作为语境依赖型名词谓语句的典型表达加以分析。鳗鱼句的主语和谓语之间，原本应有一个起到信息传递的结构成分存在。由于这一结构成分被隐藏，从而导致了鳗鱼句只有依靠实际的使用场合和具体语境，才能成立，才能获得合乎逻辑表达的意义解释。表隐喻的名词谓语句是一种对语境依赖度较高的表达形式。找出隐喻对象和置换对象之间的共通点，或判断是否是隐喻表达时，往往需要借助具体语境的帮助。 本研究共分九章。第一章介绍研究的目的及相关课题等。第二章概述、总结先行研究。第三章分析名词的意义特征。第四章指出句末名词须有定语修饰，，才可成立的名词谓语句，并探讨、分析其形成原因。第五章分析名词性短语的意义特征。第六、七、八章分别就非特定型名词谓语句、特定型名词谓语句、语境依赖型名词谓语句展开分析。第九章在上述论证的基础上，总结得出名词谓语句的典型性，并提出今后的研究课题及展望。
[Abstract]:So far, the researchers have made a number of conceptions on the meaning relationship between the subject predicate and predicate of the noun predicate, such as the "the set of measures", and so on. The meaning relationship between the subject predicates of the Japanese noun predicate sentences seems simple, but it is not true.
This study holds that the noun (or noun phrase) which constitutes the predicate has its own meaning directly affecting the meaning relationship between the subject predicate and predicate of the noun predicate. In particular, the noun has a variety of meaning features, which can be used not only to refer to people or things, to express nominal meaning, but also to express the characteristics and states of the objects they refer to. A noun has a variety of meanings, which is related to the structure of a noun. Most of the nouns converted from adjectives and verbs are influenced by the original meaning, with adjectives and verb meanings. The attribution not only plays the role of modification, but also can be modified from the point of view. A noun is defined. An adjective (or adjective phrase), a verb (or a verb phrase), or a noun with an adjective and verbal meaning acts as a attributive, and the noun phrases that constitute the noun are also adjective and verb. Such noun phrases are used as predicates and will directly affect the meaning relationship between the subject and predicate.
This study pays attention to the combination of meaning and form, and divides the meaning characteristics of noun (or noun phrase) into four categories: essence, characteristic, state and movement. This paper, based on this classification, analyzes the significance of the meaning relationship between the subject predicate and predicate of noun predicate.
This study, through the analysis of the meaning relation between the subject predicate and predicate of the noun predicate, clarifies the relevance between the noun predicate sentence and the verb predicate sentence and the adjective predicate sentence, which aims to reveal the typicality of the noun predicate sentence. Characteristic, state and action. This kind of noun predicate sentence in sentence meaning, function all with adjective predicate sentence, verb predicate sentence similar. The typical noun predicate sentence not only has the sentence pattern form of the noun predicate sentence, but also should express the noun meaning. Therefore, the typical noun predicate sentence should be the consistency of the sentence pattern and the meaning.
In addition, if there is a class of noun predicate sentence end noun, if there is no modifier, it only has the sentence pattern of noun predicate sentence, which can not express the complete semantic meaning. This study divides nouns into two categories according to the difference of meaning and function of nouns, one kind only has naming function, and the other not only has naming function, but also has self modification work. According to the meaning function of the terminology noun, the restriction relation between the end noun and the subject noun (or noun phrase) reveals the cause of the predicate sentence of this kind of noun, that is, when only nouns with nomenclature are used as the end nouns of a sentence, they often need an indicative pronoun to act as the subject and the noun predicate sentence can be established. His noun (or noun phrase) acts as the subject. Only by the aid of the modifier, the end noun can obtain specific meaning. This noun predicate that the sentence is not only in the form of the sentence pattern, but also in the semantic expression.
In this study, the eel sentence, metaphorical noun predicate sentence is analyzed as the typical expression of the context dependent noun sentence. The structure between the subject and the predicate of the eel sentence should have a structural component of information transmission. The structure of the eel is hidden, which leads to the eel sentence relying only on the practical use. And the specific context can be established to obtain a logical interpretation of meaning. The noun predicate sentence of the table metaphor is a form of high dependence on context. To find out the common point between the metaphorical objects and the displaced objects, or to judge whether it is a metaphor, it is often necessary to help with specific contexts.
The first chapter is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter introduces the purpose of the study and the related topics. The second chapter summarizes the first research. The third chapter analyzes the significance of the noun. The fourth chapter points out the noun predicate sentences which must be set up at the end of the sentence, and discusses the reasons for its formation. The fifth chapter analyzes the significance of the noun phrase. The sixth, seventh and eight chapters are non specific noun predicate sentences, specific noun predicate sentences, and context dependent noun predicate sentences. The ninth chapter sums up the typicality of the famous word predicate sentences on the basis of the above argument, and puts forward the research topics and prospects in the future.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H36


本文编号：1950434