关于间接被动句的日汉对比研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 07:51

本文选题：自动词第三者被动句 + 领主属宾句　；参考：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：一直以来，人们普遍认为间接被动句是日语独有的句式。但纵观近年来的研究，笔者发现汉语中也有类似的表现。即、“领主属宾句”、“保留宾语被动句”分别可以和日语间接被动句中的自动词第三者被动句和所有者被动句构成对应关系。然而，目前关于这方面的研究才刚起步，仍有许多问题有待解决。本文在先行研究的基础上，首先从构式语法理论出发，验证了自动词第三者被动句和“领主属宾句”的可比性，同时从“非宾格理论”出发进行考察，从而得知两种句式的对应度并非仅依赖于动词的种类。受久野高见（2000）分析日语被害被动句成立条件的启发，本文通过分析实际的语言用例，尝试探讨了新的对应条件。总而言之，两者的对应与施动者是否为有情物及句子上下文的受害显示程度等因素相关。其次，关于所有者被动句和“保留宾语被动句”的可比性，本文亦通过构式语法理论进行了验证。并根据领属名词和隶属名词的可让渡性，对两种句式中的所有者和所有物间的领属关系进行重新分类，并基于这一分类对两者的对应条件及对应度进行了考察。原则上，所有物对所有者的不可让渡性越高，两种构式的成立条件所受的制约越小，，两者的对应度也就越高。但根据上下文及个人叙述视点的不同，对应度有时也会相应降低。此外，由于日语被动句一般不允准非生物名词作主语，故当领属关系为物品的整体—部分关系时，保留宾语被动句得以成立，而相应的所有者被动句则显得不自然。当所有者和所有物间为整体量和部分量的关系时亦能得出同样的结论。
[Abstract]:It has been widely accepted that indirect passive sentences are unique to Japanese. But in recent years, the author found that there is a similar performance in Chinese. That is, "the lord belongs to the object sentence" and "reserved object passive sentence" can form the corresponding relation with the third party passive sentence and the owner passive sentence in the Japanese indirect passive sentence, respectively. However, the current research on this area is just beginning, there are still many problems to be solved. On the basis of the first research, this paper first verifies the comparability between the passive sentence of the third party and the sentence of "the lord belongs to object" from the theory of construction grammar, and at the same time, from the theory of "non-objective case" to investigate. It is concluded that the corresponding degree of two sentence patterns is not dependent only on the type of verbs. Inspired by the analysis of the conditions for the establishment of Japanese passive sentences, this paper attempts to explore new corresponding conditions by analyzing practical language use cases. In a word, the correspondence between the two factors is related to whether the operator is a sentient object and the degree of victimization of sentence context. Secondly, the comparison between owner passive sentence and reserved object passive sentence is verified by the theory of construction grammar. According to the transferability of the noun and subordinate noun, this paper reclassifies the relationship between owner and owner in the two sentence patterns, and studies their corresponding conditions and corresponding degree based on this classification. In principle, the higher the irtransferability of the property to the owner, the smaller the restriction on the establishment conditions of the two constructions and the higher the corresponding degree of the two constructions. However, according to the context and personal narrative point of view, the degree of correspondence is sometimes reduced accordingly. In addition, since Japanese passive sentences generally do not allow abiotic nouns to be subject, when the relationship between the subject and the subordinate is the wholly-partial relationship of the object, the passive sentence of the retention object can be established, while the corresponding passive sentence of the owner appears unnatural. The same conclusion can be reached when the relationship between the owner and the owner is between the total quantity and the partial quantity.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H36;H146

【参考文献】