关于“テアル”句型的研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 23:32

本文选题：结果相 + 「テアル」句型　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：虽说「テアル」句型是日语学习者在学习日语过程中必学的内容,但是很少有人能够完全掌握它的用法以及同「テイル」句型和「テオク」句型的异同点和置换条件。这是笔者写此篇论文的初衷。本文将从语义及形态的角度对三者进行考察,对其置换条件进行探索。现有的分析结果显示:(1)「テアル」句型大致有被动型和能动型两种用法。关于前者,因为动作主不确定,所以从意图的角度入手分析的话,因为动作不是对场景进行描述的人做的,所以被命名为被动型「テアル」。至于后者,因为是非动作主的可能性大大增加,因此从意图的角度入手,就被命名为能动型「テアル」。用一句话来简述两者的区别的话,被动型着重表达眼前有事物存在而且指出是以怎样的形态存在着,主动型着重表现事情的存在而且指出事情是因为某种原因而事先进行了相关行动。(2)关于被动型「テアル」句型和「テイル」句型之间的关系,因为都是关于“相”的表达,所以其异同点被大量地探讨过。不过笔者认为对其置换条件还有继续探究的必要。本文就被动型「テアル」句型和「被动+テイル」句型的置换条件为中心进行探讨的过程中,得出了如下几条结论(因为「被动+テイル」句型的用法以及意思更为广泛,所以一下都是对「被动+テイル」句型置换成被动型「テアル」句型时的要求):(1)单纯被动句+(2)表示“结果,完了”的「テイル」的结构(3)主语是具体的物体(4)动作主不特定(5)置换之后整体表达符合常识(6)是对眼前情况的描述(7)表达的是人的行为(8)结果能够用肉眼观察到(3)关于能动型「テアル」句型和「テオク」句型的关系,因为同样含有“让对象发生变化,并保持那样的状态不变的”意思,所以也经常用来比较。这两者的置换条件如下(以下(1)(2)是对两个句型共同的要求,(3)是对「テアル」句型,(4)「テオク」句型分别的要求):(1)都不强调彼此句型其特殊含义(2)不是对未来事物的描述,动作已经截止(3)保持结果状态不变的“持续型”「テオク」(4)置换「テアル」句型后不因形式上要成立(即置换过后仍是正常的「テアル」句型的用法)本文还从语法的角度,对各个句型的主语、动词、宾语以及动作主等进行了分析,对其异同点进行了探讨和总结。
[Abstract]:Although the sentence pattern is necessary for Japanese learners in the process of learning Japanese, few people can fully grasp its usage and the similarities and differences between the sentence patterns and the sentence patterns. This is the original intention of the author's writing. This article will be the three one from the perspective of semantics and morphology. The existing analysis results show that: (1) there are two uses of passive and activism. For the former, because the action owner is not sure, it is analyzed from the angle of intention, because the action is not the person who describes the scene, so it is named the passive type. As for the latter, the possibility of being a non action owner is greatly increased, so from the point of view, it is named as a dynamic type. A sentence is used to describe the difference between the two. The passive focus is on the existence of things in front of the eyes and the existence of what kind of form is pointed out, and the active emphasis on the performance of the two. The existence of love and the point out that things are related in advance for some reason. (2) the relationship between the sentence pattern and the sentence pattern of the passive form is all about the expression of "phase", so the similarities and differences are discussed in great quantities. In the course of the study of the replacement conditions of the sentence pattern of the passive and passive +, this paper draws the following conclusions. 1): (1) simple passive sentence + (2) means "result, finished" structure (3) the subject is a specific object (4) the action owner does not specific (5) after the replacement of the overall expression conforms to common sense (6) is the description of the immediate situation (7) is the human behavior (8) can be observed by the naked eye (3) about active " The relationship between the sentence pattern and the sentence pattern is also often used for comparison. The replacement conditions are as follows (1) (2) is the common requirement for the two sentence patterns, and (3) the sentence pattern of the two. Other requirements): (1) no emphasis is placed on the special meaning of each other's sentence patterns (2) is not a description of the future, and the action has already ended (3) to keep the "continuous" "continuous type" (4) to replace the sentence pattern in the form. From the perspective of grammar, the subjects, verbs, objects and action subjects of each sentence pattern are analyzed, and their similarities and differences are discussed and summarized.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H36

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