关于「の」和「こと」的区别使用

发布时间：2018-07-02 13:09

本文选题：专用句 + 两用句　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：日语中具有将用言性小句名词化功能的“の”和“こと”被称为形式名词，两者的区别使用一直是一大难题。关于使用时两者如何选择，迄今为止学者们有过大量的研究，但在现阶段仍然没有一个确切的答案。本论文基于生成语法，将这样的“の”和“こと”称为从句标识，被从句标识名词化的小句称为从句，从句所在的句子称为主句。同时，将只能使用“の”或者“こと”的句子称为“の”专用句或者“こと”专用句，两者均可使用的句子称为“の”“こと”两用句。本论文首先将惯用句型(ことができる、ことがある、ことにする等)排除，只对主句谓语和从句谓语均为动词的情形下，研究“の”和“こと”的区别使用。通过分析例句，进行了客观的考察。所有的例句均出白“现代日本语书面语均衡语料库”，该语料库收录了来自书籍的10423个文本，来自白书的1500个文本，来自Yahoo!智慧袋的45725个文本和来自国会会议录的159个文本。通过考察得出了以下结论。“の”专用句的从句表达的是具体事项，且绝大多数从句与主句具有同时性；“こと”专用句的从句表达的是抽象事项，且从句与主句不具备同时性。即使是两用句，也有使用“の”或者“こと”的倾向。当从句很明显地与主句具有同时性，或者从句表达的是具体事项时，使用“の”。当从句很明显与主句不具备同时性，或者从句表达的是一般性事项或抽象事项时，使用“こと”。另外，因为白书和国会会议录中郑重的表达很多，使用“こと”的情况比使用“の”的情况多。对例句进行分析的同时，也出现了和先行研究的结论有出入之处。工藤(1985)将“助こと”归类为“の”专用句的主句动词之一的动作性动词，本文通过对例句的分析，认为其应该属于两用句的主句动词。另外，工藤(1985)针对“の”和“こと”均可接的认知动词，提出“从属节动词以スノレ～シテクノレ(イク)的形式，表达主体内部状态变化时，使用‘の’（笔者译）”。本文通过考察认知动词“lづく”的使用例句，得出结论：从句表达的既是主体内部状态变化的事项，又是抽象事项时，使用“こと”。本文明确了“の”和“こと”的区别使用，但考察仍然不够充分。希望该研究能为日语学习和日语教育提供一定的参考。
[Abstract]:In Japanese, the functions of nominalization of verbal clauses are referred to as formal nouns, and the difference between the two is always a difficult problem. So far there has been a lot of research on how to choose the two in use, but there is still no definite answer at this stage. Based on generative grammar, this thesis refers to such clauses as clause identification, clauses nominalized by clauses as clauses, and the sentences in which clauses are located as main sentences. At the same time, the sentences which can only be used as "Li" or "Li" are called "Li" or "Li", and those that can be used by both can be called "Hu" and "Yi". In this paper, we first exclude the usual sentence patterns (such as the verb of the subject sentence and the predicate of the clause), and study the difference between the "Li" and "Li" in the case of both the predicate of the main sentence and the predicate of the clause. Through the analysis of the example sentence, the objective investigation is carried out. All the example sentences are white "Modern Japanese written language balanced Corpus", this corpus contains 10423 texts from the book, from the White Book of 1500 texts, from Yahoo! The wisdom bag consists of 45725 texts and 159 texts from the proceedings of the National Conference. The following conclusions are obtained through investigation. The clauses of the special sentence express concrete matters, and most clauses and the main sentence are simultaneous, and the clauses of the special sentence express abstract matter, and the clause and the main sentence do not have the synchronism. Even if it is a double-purpose sentence, there is also a tendency to use the word "Li" or "Li Li". When clauses are clearly synonymous with the subject, or when the clause expresses a specific matter, use the word "Hu". When the clause is clearly not synonymous with the main sentence, or when the clause expresses a general or abstract matter, use the phrase. In addition, because there are many solemn expressions in Bai Shuhe's Proceedings, there are more cases of using the word "Li" than using the word "Li". At the same time, there are some discrepancies between the analysis of example sentences and the previous research. Gongdong (1985) classifies "Zu Yu" as an action verb of one of the main verbs in the special sentence. Through the analysis of the example sentence, this paper holds that it should belong to the verb of the main sentence of the dual-purpose sentence. In addition, in view of the cognitive verbs "Li" and "Li", Gongdo (1985) put forward that "subordinate section verbs should be used to express the change of the internal state of the subject in the form of a subordinate verb and use'Li'when expressing the change of the internal state of the subject." By examining the use of the cognitive verb "l", this paper draws a conclusion that the clause expresses not only the internal state change of the subject, but also the abstract matter. This paper clarifies the difference between "Li" and "Li", but the investigation is not enough. I hope this research can provide some reference for Japanese learning and Japanese education.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H36

【参考文献】