日汉被动句对比研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 00:04

本文选题：日语被动句 + 汉语被动句　；参考：《北京林业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：语言对人类来说是最重要的交流手段之一,因为各个国家和民族所处的语言环境不同,所以语言的结构也不同。无论是日语还是汉语,都有被动句。但是,当我们比较两种语言的被动句时,会发现它们的结构大不相同,这对学习日语的中国人来说是很难理解的一个方面。如何正确使用日语被动句对学习日语的中国人来说是十分重要的。本研究主要围绕被动句的结构特点,对日汉被动句进行了对比研究。本研究由三部分构成。第一部分由第一章和第二章构成。首先说明了研究动机、目标以及研究意义。然后概述了有关日汉被动句的先行研究,并对本研究进行定位。第二部分由第三章、第四章和第五章构成,是本研究的中心部分。在这部分中,通过列举具体的日语被动句和汉语被动句的例句,从主语、行为者、谓语动词三个分面分析了日汉被动句结构的特点。分析结果如下：主语的特点方面,日语被动句的相同之处在于使用表示“人”的名词作主语的情况居多。不同之处在于当主语是表示“事物”的名词时,日语被动句大多表示中立含义,而汉语被动句大多表示被害含义；日语经常使用物主被动句和间接被动句来表示主语受到动作行为的间接影响,但汉语被动句更强调主语受到动作行为的直接影响,所以类似日语中的物主被动句和间接被动句的句式比较少。行为者的特点方面,日汉被动句的相同之处在于充当行为者的名词在种类上呈现多样性。不同之处在于日语被动句的行为者有“动作发出者”、“起点”、“道具”、“材料”、“手段”、“原因”、“依据”七个语义角色,但汉语被动句的行为者没有“起点”和“依据”这两个语义角色,作者认为这与行为者标记“被／叫／让／给”的本义有关。谓语动词的特点方面,日汉被动句的相同之处在于对谓语动词的动作性要求较高。不同之处在于汉语被动句谓语动词的种类比日语被动句谓语动词的种类少,比如很多不及物动词都可以充当日语被动句的谓语动词,但是不及物动词充当汉语被动句谓语动词的情况是很少见的。第三部分由第六章构成,总结了本研究得出的主要结论并提出了今后的课题。
[Abstract]:Language is one of the most important means of communication for human beings. Both Japanese and Chinese have passive sentences. However, when we compare the passive sentences of the two languages, we find that their structures are very different, which is a difficult aspect for Chinese who study Japanese. How to use Japanese passive sentences correctly is very important for Chinese learning Japanese. This study focuses on the structural characteristics of passive sentences and makes a contrastive study of Japanese and Chinese passive sentences. This study consists of three parts. The first part consists of the first and second chapters. First of all, it explains the motivation, goal and significance of the research. Then it summarizes the first research on Japanese and Chinese passive sentences, and makes a positioning of this study. The second part consists of three chapters, four chapters and five chapters, which is the central part of this study. In this part, the characteristics of passive sentence structure in Japanese and Chinese are analyzed from three facets: subject, actor and predicate verb by enumerating specific examples of Japanese passive sentence and Chinese passive sentence. The results are as follows: in terms of the characteristics of the subject, the common feature of the Japanese passive sentence lies in the fact that most of the nouns representing "human" are used as the subject. The difference is that when the subject is a noun for "things", Japanese passive sentences mostly mean neutral meanings, while Chinese passive sentences mostly indicate the meaning of being killed. Japanese often uses subject-passive sentences and indirect passive sentences to indicate that the subject is indirectly affected by the action behavior, but the Chinese passive sentence emphasizes that the subject is directly influenced by the action behavior. So there are fewer sentences like active and passive sentences and indirect passive sentences in Japanese. The similarities of Japanese and Chinese passive sentences lie in the variety of nouns acting as actors. The difference is that the actors of Japanese passive sentences are "action issuers", "starting points", "props", "materials", "means", "reasons", "according to" seven semantic roles. However, the actors of Chinese passive sentences do not have two semantic roles of "starting point" and "basis", which the author thinks is related to the original meaning of "called / given" by the actor. In terms of the characteristics of predicate verbs, the similarities of Japanese and Chinese passive sentences lie in the higher requirements for the action of predicate verbs. The difference is that there are fewer kinds of predicate verbs in Chinese passive sentences than in Japanese, for example, many intransitive verbs can be used as predicate verbs in Japanese passive sentences. But intransitive verbs are rarely used as Chinese passive predicate verbs. The third part consists of the sixth chapter, summarizes the main conclusions of this study and puts forward the future topic.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H36;H146

【相似文献】