《雪国》中文化负载词的汉译考察

发布时间：2018-07-03 05:35

  本文选题：《雪国》 + 文化负载词　； 参考：《湖南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：翻译是沟通不同文化的一种重要手段。然而,世界各国因为生活环境、宗教信仰、传统习俗、生活方式、价值观念和审美意识的不同,随着历史的发展各国间形成了文化差异,导致了大量文化负载词的产生,这些文化负载词在文化传递中的作用至关重要。但由于语言、文化、翻译目的、读者及译者主体性等主、客观因素对翻译活动的影响,译文相对于原文而言必然会产生某个或多个层面的损失。同样,文化负载词在翻译过程中也会产生翻译损失,为了降低损失对译文价值及译文读者理解的影响,就有必要对损失进行翻译补偿。因此,采用正确、合理的翻译补偿的方法翻译文化负载词,可以使处于不同文化背景下的读者了解该作品国家的文化,有助于跨文化交流。《雪国》作为川端康成的代表作,为中国读者所熟知。 《雪国》作品中包含了大量的文化负载词,它们为我们展示了雪国的风土人情以及日本特有的艺妓文化。但是这些文化负载词的存在也给中文读者对原作的理解带来了一些障碍,因此探讨《雪国》中文化负载词的翻译可以帮助中国读者更好地理解原作品,进而加深中国读者对日本文化的了解。本论文以《雪国》为中心,分析尚永清、叶渭渠以及高慧勤三个中文译本中文化负载词的翻译损失问题,并试着找出相对应的翻译补偿的方法。首先依据奈达的文化五分类以及《雪国》的具体内容,将《雪国》中的文化负载词分为物质文化负载词和社会文化负载词两大类。接下来将物质文化负载词细分为与衣、食、住、日用品相关的词汇及量词共五小类。社会文化负载词则分为专有名词、与艺妓文化相关的词汇,以及与传统艺术和风俗习惯相关的词汇共三小类。接着通过实例对原文与三个中文译本进行对比研究,分析表明,在翻译《雪国》中的文化负载词时会产生翻译损失以及误译。在对比研究中笔者试着探讨了三位译者各自的翻译补偿的方法,以及三个译本出现不恰当的翻译时,笔者自己的拙见。并得出如下结论：在对《雪国》中的文化负载词进行汉译的过程中,或多或少出现了一些翻译损失甚至误译,三位译者通过“直译”、“直译+注释”、“加译”以及“等价翻译”这四种翻译方法进行了相应的补偿。数据分析表明译者们多倾向于采取“直译+注释”的方法对损失进行补偿。最后笔者分析了采取“直译+注释”方法的原因及优点,选取恰当的译词的重要性。同时说明了翻译文化负载词中的同形异义语时,最佳的翻译补偿的方法也是“直译+注释”。
[Abstract]:Translation is an important means of communicating different cultures. However, because of the difference of living environment, religious belief, traditional custom, life style, values and aesthetic consciousness, the countries in the world have formed cultural differences with the development of history, which has led to the production of a large number of culture-loaded words. These culture-loaded words play an important role in cultural transmission. However, due to the subjective and objective factors, such as language, culture, translation purpose, reader and translator's subjectivity, the translation activity is affected by the objective factors, which will inevitably result in a loss of one or more levels compared with the original text. Similarly, culture-loaded words can cause translation losses in the process of translation. In order to reduce the impact of loss on the translation value and readers' understanding, it is necessary to compensate for the loss. Therefore, using the correct and reasonable translation compensation method to translate culture-loaded words can make readers in different cultural backgrounds understand the culture of the country of the work, and contribute to cross-cultural communication. [snow country] as a masterpiece of Kawabata Yasunari, It is well known to Chinese readers. The works of Snow State contain a lot of culture-loaded words, which show us the local customs of Xueguo and the unique geisha culture of Japan. However, the existence of these culture-loaded words has also brought some obstacles to Chinese readers' understanding of the original works. Therefore, exploring the translation of culture-loaded words in Snow State can help Chinese readers better understand the original works. And then deepen Chinese readers' understanding of Japanese culture. Based on Snow State, this thesis analyzes the translation loss of culture-loaded words in Shang Yongqing, Ye Weiqu and Gao Huiqin, and tries to find out the corresponding translation compensation methods. Firstly, according to the five categories of Nida's culture and the concrete contents of Snow State, the culture-loaded words in Xue Guo are divided into two categories: material culture-loaded words and sociocultural loaded words. Then the material and cultural loaded words are subdivided into five categories: clothing, food, shelter and daily necessities. Sociocultural loaded words are divided into proper nouns, words related to geisha culture, and words related to traditional art and customs. Then a comparative study is made between the original text and the three Chinese versions. The analysis shows that the culture-loaded words in Xue Guo will result in translation loss and mistranslation. In the contrastive study, the author tries to explore the methods of the three translators' respective translation compensation, and the author's own views when the three translations appear improper translation. The conclusions are as follows: in the process of translating culture-loaded words in Snow State into Chinese, there are some translation losses or even mistranslations more or less. The three translators adopt "literal translation" and "literal translation annotation". The four translation methods of "plus translation" and "equivalent translation" are compensated accordingly. The data analysis shows that translators tend to use literal annotation to compensate for the loss. Finally, the author analyzes the reasons and advantages of the method of literal translation annotation, and the importance of choosing appropriate translation words. At the same time, it shows that the best method of translation compensation is "literal translation annotation" when translating homographs in culture-loaded words.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H36;I046
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本文编号：2092596