日语人称代词的省略与使用研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 09:15

【摘要】：世界上的很多语言体系中都会使用人称代词来指称自己或对方,相比之下,日语却不太使用“私”、“あなた”等人称代词,这种语言现象称之为人称代词的省略现象。其原因可以归结为语言背后隐藏的日本的历史文化传统、社会文化背景、国民性格特征与思维方式等多个方面。另一方面,人称代词也有显现的时候。本文将从三种情况来讨论日语人称代词的使用规则:即人称代词必须省略、人称代词可省略可不省略和人称代词必须显现的情况。整篇论文分为五大章节:第一章是绪论,首先是问题的提起,主要论述本篇论文的研究目的和意义;其次概括了中日两国关于日语人称代词的使用情况、省略现象的原因、人称代词不可省略现象等先行研究;最后论述本文的角度和立场。第二章是对人称代词目前使用状况的调查研究,发现日语人称代词虽然数量众多,但是由于文化、地理位置等因素的影响,在实际使用过程中很少用到人称代词,为下文做铺垫。第三章是文章的重点章节,分别从句子结构、词汇层面入手,在日语授受关系表达、敬语表达、被动、使役、被役表达等六个不同的表达中探讨人称代词必须省略的情况。第四章是过渡章节,简要分析了人称代词在什么情况下可以省略也可以不省略,在这里起到承上启下的作用。第五章分别从人称代词五个不同的作用为出发点提出人称代词在句子或段落中必须显现的表达。如,在提出与转化新话题,突出强调或对比等情感以及在人称代词前加修饰语这几种情况下,句子或段落中的人称代词必须体现出来。在本篇论文最后对全文进行了概括总结并得出结论,无论是哪一国家或者种族的语言都有其自身的语言表达习惯,应该根据不同的场合、对象等来选择适合的人称代词。针对人称代词的使用特征,在实际使用中必须充分认识到各种语言在人称代词上存在的差异,不可等同使用。
[Abstract]:In many language systems in the world, personal pronouns are used to refer to themselves or each other. In comparison, Japanese does not use personal pronouns such as "private" or "personal pronouns". This language phenomenon is called the ellipsis of personal pronouns. The reason can be attributed to the historical and cultural tradition of the Japanese behind the back of the language, and the social culture. On the other hand, when personal pronouns are revealed, the use rules of personal pronouns in Japanese are discussed in three cases: personal pronouns must be omitted, personal pronouns can be omitted without omission and personal pronouns must be revealed. The whole thesis is divided into five chapters: The first chapter is the introduction, the first is the question, mainly discusses the purpose and significance of this paper. Secondly, it summarizes the use of Japanese personal pronouns, the reasons of the ellipsis and the non ellipsis of personal pronouns, and finally discusses the angle and position of this article. The second chapter is about the present personal pronouns. It is found that the number of personal pronouns in Japanese is large, but the personal pronouns are seldom used in the actual use because of the influence of cultural and geographical factors. The third chapter is the key chapter of the article. The six different expressions, such as expression, passivity, causation, and service expression, discuss the situation that personal pronouns must be omitted. The fourth chapter is a transitional chapter, and a brief analysis of what person pronouns can be omitted and omission in what circumstances. The fifth chapter starts from the five different roles of personal pronouns. Put forward the expression of personal pronouns in a sentence or paragraph. For example, the personal pronouns in sentences or paragraphs must be reflected under the circumstances of putting forward and transforming new topics, highlighting or comparing emotions as well as adding modifiers to personal pronouns. No matter which country or racial language has its own language expression habits, it should choose suitable personal pronouns according to different occasions and objects. In view of the use characteristics of personal pronouns, it is necessary to fully recognize the differences in the personal pronouns of various languages in practical use.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H36

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