中日被动句的对比研究
发布时间：2018-12-28 12:22
【摘要】： 语言是人类社会中，传达思想感情意志的主要手段。语法是语言的规律。各民族语言文化的差异，使对比语言学成了可能。日语和汉语的语法体系中，态是一个重要范畴，其中被动语态占有重要地位，所以我认为有必要对被动态进行研究。 本文以先行研究为基础，从现代语出发，以被动态为研究对象，从施事和受事是否为无生物或者有情物进行分析，通过中日句子的对照，来考察中日被动态的异同。 本文由六部分构成。 第一部分是从被动态研究的必要性出发，阐明了研究动机和目的，并简单说明研究的意义。 第二部分是先行研究。按照中国方面，日本方面，中日对照方面的顺序，介绍了各个学派的研究，并简单归纳了其中不足之处。接着对本文所要论述的被动态进行了分类和限定，以及例句的出处。最后导入本文的立场和研究方法。 第三部分是从意义和文法表现方面，对中日两国的被动句分别进行了分析。 第四和第五部分是具体研究部分。从意义和文法表现上对调查资料中的中日被动句进行了对比研究，找出其中的对应关系。 本文通过对北京日语学研究中心开发的中日对译语料库的应用，收集了夏目漱石的作品《哥儿》和《心》中的被动句为例文，参照中文的翻译，对中日被动句在意义和文法表现上，进行了比较，找出了其中的对应关系，主要总结了以下六个方面。 1，施事和受事均为有生命物体，日语被动句和汉语的被字句对应，其中也包括了“给，叫，让，受，遭”等有标志的句子。 2，，主语是无生命物体，施事省略，此时，和汉语的意义被动句对应。 3，间接被动句中，可以分为两种，及物动词的表所属的被动句可以翻译成被动句。不及物动词和其余的及物动词的被动句可以翻译成主动句， 4，感知动词中，具有说话含义的动词，而且本身句子没有受害的意思，可以翻译成相应的主动句。 5，具有处置意义的动词构成的被动句可以翻译成存在句。 6，句子中包含有以施事动词的被动来修饰的名词，并且该名词是此动词的受事者，且前面具有限定范围的词组，可以直接把动词翻译成定语，在动词和名词中间，以“的”来连接。 第六本分是本文的概括，和对今后课题的展望。 因为汉语的被动句有无标志的意义被动句，所以很难从语料库里检测，顾而本文的汉语被动句是以日语的翻译文来充当的，还有主要涉及的是施事和受事成分，动词涉及很少，并且文体选择了小说，其他的并未涉及，所以本文存在了不充分之处，期待着后人对中日被动句进行全面的对比研究。
[Abstract]:Language is the main means of conveying thoughts and feelings in human society. Grammar is the law of language. The differences between languages and cultures of different nationalities make contrastive linguistics possible. In the grammatical system of Japanese and Chinese, state is an important category, in which passive voice plays an important role, so I think it is necessary to study the dynamics of being. Based on the first research, starting from the modern language, taking the subject of being dynamic as the object of study, and analyzing whether the agent and the patient are non-living or affectionate, this paper examines the similarities and differences of the dynamic of Chinese and Japanese through the comparison of Chinese and Japanese sentences. This paper consists of six parts. The first part explains the motive and purpose of the research from the necessity of dynamic research, and simply explains the significance of the research. The second part is the first research. According to the order of Chinese, Japanese and Sino-Japanese comparison, the research of each school is introduced, and the shortcomings are summarized. Then it classifies and qualifies the dynamic discussion and the provenance of the example sentence. Finally, this paper introduces the position and research methods. The third part analyzes the passive sentences of China and Japan from the aspects of meaning and grammatical representation. The fourth and fifth parts are the specific research part. This paper makes a contrastive study on the Chinese and Japanese passive sentences in terms of their meanings and grammatical expressions, and finds out the corresponding relations between them. Through the application of the Chinese-Japanese translation corpus developed by Beijing Japanese Studies Research Center, this paper collects the passive sentences in Natalie's works "Brother" and "Heart" as examples, referring to the translation of Chinese. This paper compares the meanings and grammatical expressions of Chinese and Japanese passive sentences, finds out the corresponding relations, and summarizes the following six aspects. The Japanese passive sentence corresponds to the Chinese quilt sentence, which also includes the marked sentences such as "give, call, surrender, receive, suffer" and so on. 2, subject is inanimate object, agent ellipsis, at this time, corresponding to the Chinese meaning of passive sentence. 3, indirect passive sentences can be divided into two types, the passive sentences of transitive verbs can be translated into passive sentences. The passive sentences of intransitive verbs and other transitive verbs can be translated into active sentences, 4. In perceptual verbs, there are verbs that have the meaning of speaking, and the sentences themselves do not mean to be victimized. Can be translated into the corresponding active sentence. 5. The passive sentence formed by the disposing verb can be translated into the existential sentence. 6. The sentence contains a noun modified passively by the agent verb, and the noun is the subject of the verb, and is preceded by a limited number of phrases, which can be translated directly into attributive verbs, between verbs and nouns. Connect with the word "." The sixth part is the summary of this paper, and the prospect of the future topic. Because the passive sentence in Chinese has the meaning of passive sentence, it is difficult to detect the passive sentence from the corpus. The passive sentence in this paper is used as a Japanese translation. And the style of the novel, the other is not involved, so there is insufficient in this paper, looking forward to future generations of Chinese and Japanese passive sentences to carry out a comprehensive contrastive study.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：H36;H14
本文编号：2393934
[Abstract]:Language is the main means of conveying thoughts and feelings in human society. Grammar is the law of language. The differences between languages and cultures of different nationalities make contrastive linguistics possible. In the grammatical system of Japanese and Chinese, state is an important category, in which passive voice plays an important role, so I think it is necessary to study the dynamics of being. Based on the first research, starting from the modern language, taking the subject of being dynamic as the object of study, and analyzing whether the agent and the patient are non-living or affectionate, this paper examines the similarities and differences of the dynamic of Chinese and Japanese through the comparison of Chinese and Japanese sentences. This paper consists of six parts. The first part explains the motive and purpose of the research from the necessity of dynamic research, and simply explains the significance of the research. The second part is the first research. According to the order of Chinese, Japanese and Sino-Japanese comparison, the research of each school is introduced, and the shortcomings are summarized. Then it classifies and qualifies the dynamic discussion and the provenance of the example sentence. Finally, this paper introduces the position and research methods. The third part analyzes the passive sentences of China and Japan from the aspects of meaning and grammatical representation. The fourth and fifth parts are the specific research part. This paper makes a contrastive study on the Chinese and Japanese passive sentences in terms of their meanings and grammatical expressions, and finds out the corresponding relations between them. Through the application of the Chinese-Japanese translation corpus developed by Beijing Japanese Studies Research Center, this paper collects the passive sentences in Natalie's works "Brother" and "Heart" as examples, referring to the translation of Chinese. This paper compares the meanings and grammatical expressions of Chinese and Japanese passive sentences, finds out the corresponding relations, and summarizes the following six aspects. The Japanese passive sentence corresponds to the Chinese quilt sentence, which also includes the marked sentences such as "give, call, surrender, receive, suffer" and so on. 2, subject is inanimate object, agent ellipsis, at this time, corresponding to the Chinese meaning of passive sentence. 3, indirect passive sentences can be divided into two types, the passive sentences of transitive verbs can be translated into passive sentences. The passive sentences of intransitive verbs and other transitive verbs can be translated into active sentences, 4. In perceptual verbs, there are verbs that have the meaning of speaking, and the sentences themselves do not mean to be victimized. Can be translated into the corresponding active sentence. 5. The passive sentence formed by the disposing verb can be translated into the existential sentence. 6. The sentence contains a noun modified passively by the agent verb, and the noun is the subject of the verb, and is preceded by a limited number of phrases, which can be translated directly into attributive verbs, between verbs and nouns. Connect with the word "." The sixth part is the summary of this paper, and the prospect of the future topic. Because the passive sentence in Chinese has the meaning of passive sentence, it is difficult to detect the passive sentence from the corpus. The passive sentence in this paper is used as a Japanese translation. And the style of the novel, the other is not involved, so there is insufficient in this paper, looking forward to future generations of Chinese and Japanese passive sentences to carry out a comprehensive contrastive study.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：H36;H14
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 丁佳;日语被动句在汉语中的对应形式研究[D];吉林大学;2012年
本文编号：2393934
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