「ちよつと」的暧昧性及其原因
发布时间：2019-06-01 20:54
【摘要】：日语中的「ちょっと」一词在辞典中有很多种含意，在会话中有很多种话语功能，对于非母语的日语学习者来说很难区分其中的暧昧性，对于教师的教学来说也很难跟学生解释明白。因为「ちょっと」既可以表示“程度低”，也可以表示“程度高”，甚至可以表达程度副词本身不常表达的用法，例如有时搭配否定，有时表达希求、有时作出评价，有时又下达命令。日语会话中频繁出现「ちょっと」一词，让众多非母语学习者感到费解。笔者认为根本原因是「ちょっと」的暧昧性。 很多语言学家认为，只了解「ちょっと」的基本用法，而忽略其他用法也是造成理解困扰的原因。于是很多日语学习者很容易把「ちょっと」和「少し」「だいたい」等同，从而忽略了「ちょっと」程度副词之外的用法。另外「ちょっと」是一个比较口语化，常常需要依附语境才能使用的一个词，所以必须在自然的会话中去研究「ちょっと」，才能透彻地理解「ちょっと」其他多种功能和用法，而目前很多先行研究多停留在单个句子上面。 本文共分为四个部分。 第一部分是绪论。阐述了本文的国内外研究现状、研究目的与意义以及研究的范围和方法。了解了国内外学者对「ちょっと」及其暧昧性的研究近况和成果，也了解了其中的独创性和不足之处。 第二部分是「ちょっと」的意义与话语功能。借助辞典对「ちょっと」进行调查，得知「ちょっと」具有除了广为人知的副词词性外，还具有感叹词的词性。至于意义和用法，那就更加暧昧复杂，既可以表达“稍微、有点”，也可以表达“相当、颇为”；既可以表示轻松心情做某事的“顺便”，也可以接续否定“不太~”“难以~”。并基于先行研究，结合自身所学知识，对会话中「ちょっと」的话语功能进行了分析和整理，总结为7种话语功能，分别是提醒、命令、依赖、劝诱、拒绝、意志和否定。笔者根据话语环境和说话人的说话方式，将它们分为两大类：显性话语功能和隐性功能，但不管是显性功能还是隐性功能，都具有暧昧性，而且在根本上都是受到「ちょっと」作为程度副词的基本用法的影响。 第三部分是「ちょっと」暧昧性的语用原因。利用语用学的理论知识，从含意、合作原则、礼貌原则、三个角度对「ちょっと」暧昧性的原因进行探讨。发现在日常的交际会话中，很多交际信息不是直接表达的，而是隐含的、间接的、暧昧模糊的。之所以如此，是因为交际双方在会话中都遵循了一定的会话原则：合作原则和礼貌原则。遵循合作原则就要求交际双方共同配合才能相互理解对方话语的含意。遵循礼貌原则则弥补了合作原则的缺陷，也增加了双方的好感，促进交际顺利进行。 第四部分是「ちょっと」暧昧性的文化原因，也是本论文最重要的一部分。语言是社会文化的产物，离开文化视点研究语言就无法看到真正的语言。本章利用文化语言学理论，透过文化学视角从集团意识、体察文化和独特审美三个角度分析了以「ちょっと」为代表的暧昧表达产生的原因。研究发现日本人频繁使用暧昧表达与日本人的集团意识密不可分：独特的地理环境、单一民族的历史以及外来文化的影响都使得日本人在语言交际时能够默契配合，再暧昧模糊的表达，双方也能理解。体察文化则是导致日语暧昧表达的另一重要因素。地理和民族历史的原因导致日本社会具有高度的“同质性”，在一个高度同质的社会里，彼此已经足够了解对方的行为习惯，，很多话语能省则省，崇尚沉默是金，之所以这样，因为日本人之间能够做到以心传心。而在“以心传心”的背后，则是日本人对于美的追求。他们对“余情”与“和谐”的追求，使他们在语言交际时经常使用暧昧的语言，通过委婉暧昧的表达，向对方传达想要表达的意思。一方面保持了语言的美感；另一方面也能够顾忌他人感情，避免产生矛盾冲突，维护和谐的人际关系。通过本章的研究了解日本人偏爱使用「ちょっと」“暧昧表达”时的心理状态。这对理解日本人的思维方式，指导我们顺利地进行跨文化交际、减少交际摩擦也具有一定的现实意义。 最后是结论部分，总结了本论文所论述的内容、不足之处以及未来的研究课题和方向。
[Abstract]:There are many meanings in the dictionary in Japanese, and there are many kinds of discourse functions in the session. It is difficult to distinguish the ambiguity in the non-native Japanese learners. It is difficult to explain to the students for the teacher's teaching. Because the "baboon" can represent both the "to a low degree" and the "high degree", or even the usage that the degree adverb itself does not often express, for example, the collocation is sometimes negative, sometimes the expression of the expression is sometimes evaluated, and sometimes the order is issued. The term "baboon" frequently appears in Japanese conversation, which makes it difficult for many non-native learners to understand. The author holds that the root cause is ambiguous. Many linguists are of the view that only the basic usage of the "baboon" is known, and the neglect of other uses is also the cause of understanding. As a result, a lot of Japanese learners are very easy to equate the "baboon" and "less", and thus ignore the use of the degree adverbs of the" baboon's" degree. In addition, it is a kind of word which is more oral and often needs to be attached to the context. Therefore, it is necessary to study the other functions and use of the "one-to-one" in the course of nature. The law, and many of the first-of-the-art studies are on a single sentence The paper is divided into four parts. Part. First The part is the introduction. The present research status, the purpose and significance of the research and the research are set forth in this paper. The scope and method of the study are as follows: the research status and achievements of the scholars at home and abroad on the "The University of the Republic of China" and its ambiguous nature have been learned, and the originality in it is also known. and the second part is the "one-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the The meaning and the function of the discourse. With the help of the dictionary to carry on the investigation of the "The Republic of the Republic of the Republic of China", it is known that it has the exception of the well-known adverbs, but also There is an exclamation point. As for meaning and usage, it is more ambiguous and complicated, not only can express the "A little, a little.", but also can express the "quite, rather"; not only can express the "by the way" of the easy mood to do sth, but also can be connected with the negative "It's not-" to be difficult to-"and based on the preceding research, the knot In this paper, we analyze and sort out the function of the discourse in the session, which is a reminder, order, dependence, persuasion, rejection, will and negative. The author will, according to the discourse environment and the speaker's way of speaking, will They are divided into two categories: dominant discourse function and recessive function, but whether the explicit function or the recessive function They all have an ambiguity, and at all, they are subject to the degree of degree adverbs. The third part is the pragmatic reason of the ambiguous and ambiguous of the "Chinese and Chinese". The theoretical knowledge of pragmatics is from the meaning, On the basis of the principle of co-operation and the principle of politeness, the reason of the ambiguity of the "two-to-one" is discussed. It is found that in a daily communication session, many of the communication information is not directly expressed, but is implicit, indirect, and ambiguous. The reason of this is that the two parties have followed a certain principle of conversation in the conversation: the principle of cooperation and the principle of politeness. The principle of cooperation is that the two parties can cooperate with each other in order to understand the meaning of the other's words. The deficiency of the principle of cooperation is supplemented, and the goodwill of both parties is also increased. It is also the most important part of this paper. The language is the product of the social culture, and the study language from the cultural viewpoint can't see the true language. This chapter uses the theory of cultural linguistics, The reason of the ambiguous expression from the perspective of the group, the culture of the body and the unique aesthetic is analyzed from the perspective of the culture of culture. The study found that the Japanese people frequently used the ambiguous expression and the group consciousness of the Japanese. Indispensable: The unique geographical environment, the history of the single nation and the influence of the foreign culture make the Japanese have a tacit understanding in the language communication The expression of vague and ambiguous expression can also be understood by both parties. The culture of the body is another important factor that leads to the expression of Japanese ambiguity. The reason for geography and national history has led to a high "homogeneity" of Japanese society, and in a highly homogeneous society, each other already Enough to understand the behavior of the other party, many words can save, advocate silence is gold, the reason, because the Japanese can do the heart. And in the back of the "heart-to-heart", it is the Japanese for the beauty of the pursuit. They are to the "Yu Yi" and the "trunk>" haarmon The pursuit of " makes them use an ambiguous language in language communication, and convey the meaning of the meaning to each other through the expression of euphemism. On the one hand, the aesthetic feeling of the language is maintained; on the other hand, it is also possible to scruple others." The study of this chapter is to understand the state of mind when the Japanese prefer to use the "ambiguous expression". This is to understand the way of thinking in the Japanese and to guide me. The smooth conduct of cross-cultural communication and the reduction of communication It also has some practical significance. Finally, the conclusion is the summary of the content and the deficiency in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H36
本文编号：2490577
[Abstract]:There are many meanings in the dictionary in Japanese, and there are many kinds of discourse functions in the session. It is difficult to distinguish the ambiguity in the non-native Japanese learners. It is difficult to explain to the students for the teacher's teaching. Because the "baboon" can represent both the "to a low degree" and the "high degree", or even the usage that the degree adverb itself does not often express, for example, the collocation is sometimes negative, sometimes the expression of the expression is sometimes evaluated, and sometimes the order is issued. The term "baboon" frequently appears in Japanese conversation, which makes it difficult for many non-native learners to understand. The author holds that the root cause is ambiguous. Many linguists are of the view that only the basic usage of the "baboon" is known, and the neglect of other uses is also the cause of understanding. As a result, a lot of Japanese learners are very easy to equate the "baboon" and "less", and thus ignore the use of the degree adverbs of the" baboon's" degree. In addition, it is a kind of word which is more oral and often needs to be attached to the context. Therefore, it is necessary to study the other functions and use of the "one-to-one" in the course of nature. The law, and many of the first-of-the-art studies are on a single sentence The paper is divided into four parts. Part. First The part is the introduction. The present research status, the purpose and significance of the research and the research are set forth in this paper. The scope and method of the study are as follows: the research status and achievements of the scholars at home and abroad on the "The University of the Republic of China" and its ambiguous nature have been learned, and the originality in it is also known. and the second part is the "one-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the The meaning and the function of the discourse. With the help of the dictionary to carry on the investigation of the "The Republic of the Republic of the Republic of China", it is known that it has the exception of the well-known adverbs, but also There is an exclamation point. As for meaning and usage, it is more ambiguous and complicated, not only can express the "A little, a little.", but also can express the "quite, rather"; not only can express the "by the way" of the easy mood to do sth, but also can be connected with the negative "It's not-" to be difficult to-"and based on the preceding research, the knot In this paper, we analyze and sort out the function of the discourse in the session, which is a reminder, order, dependence, persuasion, rejection, will and negative. The author will, according to the discourse environment and the speaker's way of speaking, will They are divided into two categories: dominant discourse function and recessive function, but whether the explicit function or the recessive function They all have an ambiguity, and at all, they are subject to the degree of degree adverbs. The third part is the pragmatic reason of the ambiguous and ambiguous of the "Chinese and Chinese". The theoretical knowledge of pragmatics is from the meaning, On the basis of the principle of co-operation and the principle of politeness, the reason of the ambiguity of the "two-to-one" is discussed. It is found that in a daily communication session, many of the communication information is not directly expressed, but is implicit, indirect, and ambiguous. The reason of this is that the two parties have followed a certain principle of conversation in the conversation: the principle of cooperation and the principle of politeness. The principle of cooperation is that the two parties can cooperate with each other in order to understand the meaning of the other's words. The deficiency of the principle of cooperation is supplemented, and the goodwill of both parties is also increased. It is also the most important part of this paper. The language is the product of the social culture, and the study language from the cultural viewpoint can't see the true language. This chapter uses the theory of cultural linguistics, The reason of the ambiguous expression from the perspective of the group, the culture of the body and the unique aesthetic is analyzed from the perspective of the culture of culture. The study found that the Japanese people frequently used the ambiguous expression and the group consciousness of the Japanese. Indispensable: The unique geographical environment, the history of the single nation and the influence of the foreign culture make the Japanese have a tacit understanding in the language communication The expression of vague and ambiguous expression can also be understood by both parties. The culture of the body is another important factor that leads to the expression of Japanese ambiguity. The reason for geography and national history has led to a high "homogeneity" of Japanese society, and in a highly homogeneous society, each other already Enough to understand the behavior of the other party, many words can save, advocate silence is gold, the reason, because the Japanese can do the heart. And in the back of the "heart-to-heart", it is the Japanese for the beauty of the pursuit. They are to the "Yu Yi" and the "trunk>" haarmon The pursuit of " makes them use an ambiguous language in language communication, and convey the meaning of the meaning to each other through the expression of euphemism. On the one hand, the aesthetic feeling of the language is maintained; on the other hand, it is also possible to scruple others." The study of this chapter is to understand the state of mind when the Japanese prefer to use the "ambiguous expression". This is to understand the way of thinking in the Japanese and to guide me. The smooth conduct of cross-cultural communication and the reduction of communication It also has some practical significance. Finally, the conclusion is the summary of the content and the deficiency in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：H36
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相关期刊论文 前3条
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2 张志海;论日语暧昧性及其语言伦理原则[J];社科纵横;2004年03期
3 唐晓红;;以心传心的语言——从日本语言的暧昧性看日本文化[J];日语知识;2012年12期
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