中国华人环境中英语的使用功能问题研究

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Significance of the Research
The further development of the globalization of English leads to the localization ofEnglish. CE, as a new member of the family of world Englishes has aroused wideattention of scholars at home and abroad.For more than 20 years，domestic linguists have studied CE from different angles.However, their researches mainly focus on its definition, pronunciation，vocabulary,discourse and other language forms of it. The status of CE is pending though it has been aconstant hot topic, this is mainly due to the dispute about its birthright, a "institutionalizedvariety" or "performance variety".Kachru (1982) differentiates various varieties of English into two classes, namelyinstitutionalized variety and performance variety. The former refers to the ones whichalready have legal status in some countries, and become a kind of common languagewithin the country. A institutionalized variety is an indispensable tool in domestic politicaland social fields and used for country governing, national teaching，research, besidesinternational communication. The latter refers to a foreign language used for internationalcommunication in the fields of politics, economy, culture and science.Some domestic scholars are constrained by Kachru's theory about the differencebetween the institutionalized and performance variety and hold that the institutionalizedand performance variety are correspondingly equivalent to foreign language and mothertongue or second language. They argue that there is no intranational functions of English used in China in that intranational functions is the typical characteristic of ainstitutionalized variety. So the ascertainment of the intranational functions of Englishused in China will be the key solution to the status of CE. The author thinks that it isextraordinarily pivotal and critical to prove the intranational functions of English used inChina. The author will depend on all the studies that have been done on the functions ofEnglish in China and use abundant examples to discuss the four intranational functions ofEnglish used in China according to Kachru's classification for the functions of En^ishused as a second language in the outer circle. Pan Zhangxian(2005) optimisticallypredicts that English in China is on the way of becoming a second language. The authorhopes to lend a hand to solve the status dispute on CE and prove that CE can beinstitutionalized and is on the way of institutionalized. The author hopes this thesis canmake a contribution to reveal the ontological significance of CE.
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1.2 Layout of the Thesis
The present thesis is divided into five chapters.Chapter one provides a broad Introduction of the significance, and the brief layoutof the forthcoming thesis.Chapter two is literature review，which consists of three parts. The first and secondparts review the study of the globalization and localization of English besides the study ofworld Englishes, the second part reviews the researches on the functions of CE at homeand abroad. The third part deals with the main disputes about CE.Chapter three is the theoretical foundation of this thesis. Kahru's functional theoriesof English varieties are selected as the solid theoretical foundation for this thesis by contrasting with Kirkpatrick's functional theories of language.Chapter four is the main body of this thesis. It will analyze the four intranationalfunctions of English used in China, that is, the instrumental function, regulatory function,interpersonal function and creative/innovative function.In chapter 5, the summary of the study is drawn, and the implications of the study areanalyzed. At last, limitations of the study are pointed out.4

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Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 The Globalization and Localization of English
The status of English as lingua franca has been consolidated and developed in the late20th century. Britain's political and military power accelerated the spread of Englisharound the world before the 20th centey. The American leading economic power alsoboosted the globalization of English in the 20th century. Entering the 21st century, withthe development of economic globalization, especially the popularity of the Internet,English was further spread across the globe. The globalized English along with theglobalized economy leads to the "invasion" of English to non-English speaking coxmtriesaround the world. The status of English as a world communicative language will not bechanged，but will be continually strengthened.All kinds of new Englishes are formed or being formed and each has its geopolitical,economic, and cultural featoes. Localized Englishes broke tiie c^ter status of traditionalEnglishes or the so called Standard English. This illustrates that English is becoming morenon-native and is no longer the private property of native English speakers, but belongs tothe world English users.
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2.2 Researches on the Functions of CE at home and abroad
CE, as a English variety used by Chinese people, since firstly put forward by GeChuangui in 1983 caught the eye of language scholars at home and abroad and has becomea hot topic in world English teaching and research field. The characteristics of CE inhistorical linguistics, social linguistics, English pedagogy, literature, translation aspectswere respectively studied, but this part will focus the review on the ftinctional researchesof CE at both home and abroad. The study of CE abroad almost started at the same time with it at home, and thediscussion on it is also very heated and abroad scholars' attitudes to CE are positive andthey recognize it as one national variety.Keithp. Campbell and Zhao Yong (1995) believe that it's improper to treat CE as aperformance variety. These Two scholars insist that English learners in China are not justleam English for international communication, settling down or studying abroad, readingforeign literatures, or even keeping in touch with foreigners. In fact, for most Chinese,English is their key channel to receive higher education and promotion. They make aspecific analysis of the two functions of CE: international and intranational use. The latterone is reflected in the fields of education, medical treatment, media and various forms ofEnglish comer activities. They both，from the perspective of the world Englishes, study thestatus of CE. Their study hit the right nail of CE，though their analysis of the intranationalfunctions of English used in China is not that specific.

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