老年人出行行为研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 15:15

本文选题：老年人 + 出行行为　；参考：《北京工业大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：随着老龄化问题的日益严重,如何改善老年人的生活质量,使老年人安度晚年幸福生活是全社会共同关心的话题,它不仅关系到社会稳定发展,而且也是构建和谐社会的过程中面临及必须解决的重大难题。人口老龄化给社会各部门都带来了严峻的考验;而关乎老年人生活水平质量高低的出行问题尤其引起了整个社会的关注;日常出行作为老年人维持日常活动的最根本保障,是老年人满足其个人需求和享受美好生活的必要条件,如果缺乏针对老年人日常出行的研究就无法制定出适合老龄化社会的出行需求管理策略。而随着我国社会经济的快速发展,社会保障体系的逐步完善,老年人的生活水平不断提高,老年人消费观念也在不断变化,老年人旅游出行需求日益增加,旅游出行也正成为改善老年人生活质量的一项重要内容。因此了解老年人的日常出行及旅游出行特性,才能真正了解并最大限度的满足老年人日益增长的出行需求,引导老年人的出行朝着可持续方向发展。因此围绕着老年人出行行为研究这个主题,本文做了以下的一些研究:1.在对国内外有关老年人活动空间、出行行为研究、旅游出行及其与主观幸福感的相关关系研究等方面文献进行分析的基础上,分析总结了以往研究存在的优缺点,并指出现有研究存在的不足。2.为了更深入了解老年人的出行需求本研究对老年人做了深入的访谈调查,获取了一些基础资料,并对资料做了定性分析。然后依据调查资料设计调查问卷及研究方向。将老年人的出行分类为两种:日常出行和旅游出行,这两种出行特性有着本质的不同。通过对老年人日常出行特性的研究得出了如下结论:随年龄的增长,老年人更倾向于选择单一目的的简单出行,而出行目的也由与谋生相关的出行转为以满足个人家庭基本生活需要的出行;步行是最主要的出行方式;出行距离变短,活动空间集中在家附近。男性老年人出行距离高于女性,但出行次数低于女性,出行目的均以休闲健身为主,女性老年人比男性老年人承担了更多的家庭购物的责任,女性老年人比男性老年人更依赖步行出行;独居老年人在出行距离及出行时间方面均少于与家人同居的老年人,而户外活动时间却明显比与家人同居的老年人长,说明独居老年人生活比较孤独,而户外活动可以减轻老年人的孤独感。通过对老年人主要活动空间特征及主要出行意愿的调查统计分析可知:老年人每天均有强烈的出行意愿,出行目的主要为体育锻炼,且活动空间多集中在小区附近;其次是购物,平均隔天一次,购物活动空间呈现出随距离衰减规律,出行方式均以步行为主。通过对老年人旅游出行特性的研究得出了如下结论:老年人外出旅游比较看重的是欣赏风景,其次是费用、交通及当地治安。旅游经费一般都是靠自己的早年积蓄,很少依靠其他的费用支持;老年人外出旅游信息主要依赖家人朋友的介绍,其次是电视网络及旅行社的广告宣传;老年人外出旅游大多选择跟团旅游;阻碍其外出旅游的主要因素是身体状况及年龄;老年人普遍认为旅游过后幸福感程度会有很大的提升。3.对老年人的出行方式选择行为进行了探索性研究,得出了各出行方式的主要影响因素。年龄在75岁以上,出行距离在1公里以内时,以及以购物娱乐和返程为目的的弹性出行者都比较倾向于步行出行;选择自行车或电动车出行的主要影响因素主要是家庭是否拥有自行车或电动车;对于年龄在60-70岁之间,出行距离在1~5km,以看病为目的的男性老年人更倾向于选择公交出行;影响老年人出行选择私人小汽车方式的重要原因是出行者是否拥有驾驶执照。4.运用推-拉动机理论,得出了老年人出游动机主要有四个推力动机公因子:“弥补遗憾动机”、“爱的动机”、“自我提升动机”和“追求美异完善人生”;和四个拉力动机公因子:“目的地形象”、“住行治安服务”、“自然文化资源”和“费用与拥挤度”;其中“弥补遗憾动机”和“目的地形象”是最主要的推拉力动机因子。另外,通过t检验和单因素方差分析的结果表明:年龄、文化程度、同住家人、职业、收入水平都显著的影响老年人的出游动机,而性别对老年人出游推拉力动机均无显著影响。5.探讨了老年人旅游行为与主观幸福感之间的相互影响机制。通过对旅游动机与其旅游满意度和主观幸福感的关系研究,可得旅游推力动机和拉力动机均对旅游满意度有显著的正向影响作用,旅游满意度对主观幸福感也具有正向的影响作用,虽然旅游动机可以直接导致幸福感的产生,但是经过旅游满意度的介入后,其影响效果更为显著。通过对主观幸福感的主要指标生活满意度与旅游行为的关系研究,可得到生活满意度对旅游经费来源、旅游信息来源、阻碍旅游因素和旅游过后的幸福感提升等方面均具有显著性影响,而对每年是否选择出游、旅游重要性认知、关注旅游地因素、出游时间和出游方式等方面没有影响。6.最后以计划行为理论为基础,通过对老年人参与旅游认知心理的研究,探讨了目前我国老年人对外出旅游的态度、旅游主观规范、知觉行为控制和旅游意向等心理状况。研究表明:老年人旅游态度对旅游意向没有显著的影响;而旅游主观规范和知觉行为控制均对旅游意向产生显著的正向影响。旅游态度、旅游主观规范和知觉行为控制彼此之间均具有显著的相关性。研究最后还为合理引导老年人的外出旅游行为,提出了针对性的建议。
[Abstract]:As the problem of aging becomes more and more serious, how to improve the quality of life of the elderly and make the elderly happy life in their later years is a common concern of the whole society. It is not only related to the stable development of the society, but also a major problem to be solved in the process of building a harmonious society. The aging of the population is brought to all sectors of the society. There is a severe test, and the problem of travel that concerns the quality of the living standard of the elderly has especially aroused the concern of the whole society. As the fundamental guarantee for the daily activities of the elderly, the daily travel is the necessary condition for the elderly to meet their personal needs and enjoy a better life, if they lack the research on the daily travel of the elderly. With the rapid development of the social economy, the gradual improvement of the social security system, the improvement of the living standard of the elderly, the changing of the old people's consumption concept, the increasing demand for the travel of the elderly and the improvement of the old age. An important content of the quality of life is to understand the daily travel and travel characteristics of the elderly, so as to truly understand and maximize the growing travel needs of the elderly and guide the development of the elderly in a sustainable way. Some studies: 1. on the basis of the analysis on the activities of the elderly, travel behavior, travel and the relationship with subjective well-being, this paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the previous research, and points out that there is a lack of.2. in order to get a deeper understanding of the elderly. This study conducted in-depth interviews with the elderly, obtained some basic information, and made a qualitative analysis of the data. Then according to the survey data, we designed the questionnaire and research direction. The elderly travel is classified into two types: daily travel and travel travel, the two travel characteristics are essentially different. The study of people's daily travel characteristics draws the following conclusions: with the increase of age, the elderly are more inclined to choose a single purpose of simple travel, and the travel purpose is also transferred to meet the basic needs of individual families to meet the needs of individual families. Walking is the most important way of travel; travel distance is shorter and space concentration is concentrated. In the vicinity of home, the travel distance of male elderly is higher than that of women, but the number of trips is lower than that of women. The main purpose of the trip is leisure fitness, and the female older people are more responsible for family shopping than the male old people. The elderly are more dependent on walking travel than the old men, and the distance and travel time of the elderly people living alone are in the distance and travel time. It is less than the old people living together with their family, but the outdoor activity time is obviously longer than that of the old people who live with the family. It shows that the living of the old people alone is more lonely, and the outdoor activities can reduce the loneliness of the elderly. There is a strong willingness to travel, the main purpose of the trip is physical exercise, and the activity space is mostly concentrated near the neighborhood; next is shopping, the average day after day, the shopping space shows the law of attenuation with distance and the way of travel is mainly walking. The following conclusions are drawn through the study of the characteristics of the travel behavior of the elderly: the elderly go out. The most important thing is to appreciate the scenery, the second is the cost, the traffic and the local public order. The tourism funds are generally depended on their own early years' savings and seldom rely on other expenses; the elderly travel information mainly depends on the introduction of their family and friends, the second is the TV network and the advertising propaganda of the travel agency, and the elderly travel most of the choice. The main factor hindering its travel is the physical condition and age. The elderly generally believe that after tourism, the degree of happiness will be greatly improved by.3., and the main influencing factors of the travel mode are obtained. The age is over 75 years old and the travel distance is 1 kilometers. The resilient travelers, both at the time, and for the purpose of shopping, entertainment and return, are more likely to walk. The main factors for choosing a bicycle or an electric car are mainly whether the family owns a bicycle or an electric car; for the age of 60-70, the travel distance is 1 ~5km, and the male elderly with the purpose of seeing a doctor is more inclined. The important reason for the choice of the way for the old people to choose the private car is whether the traveler owns the driving license.4. and uses the theory of push pull motivation. It is concluded that there are four main motivational factors of the old people's travel motivation: "the motive of making up for regret", "motivation of love", "motivation of self promotion" and "pursuit". "Beautiful and perfect life"; and four motivational factors: "destination image", "public security service", "natural culture resources" and "cost and crowding", and "make up for regret motivation" and "destination image" are the main push force motivators. In addition, the results of t test and single factor analysis of variance analysis are the result table. Age, cultural degree, family, occupation, and income level all significantly affect the motivation of the elderly, while gender has no significant influence on the motivation of the old people's push and pull..5. explores the interaction mechanism between the old people's tourism behavior and the subjective well-being. The relationship between tourism thrust and pulling force can have a significant positive impact on tourism satisfaction. Tourism satisfaction has a positive impact on subjective well-being, although tourism motivation can directly lead to the emergence of happiness, but after the involvement of tourist satisfaction, the effect is more significant. The study of the relationship between life satisfaction and tourism behavior is the main indicator of subjective well-being. It can have a significant impact on the sources of tourism funds, tourism information sources, tourism factors and the promotion of happiness after tourism. The factors such as ground factors, travel time and way of traveling do not affect.6. based on the theory of planned behavior. Through the study of the cognitive psychology of the elderly people involved in tourism, this paper discusses the attitudes of the elderly to travel, the subjective norms of tourism, the control of perception behavior and the intention of tourism. Tourism attitude has no significant influence on tourism intention, while tourism subjective norms and perceptual behavior control have significant positive effects on tourism intention. Tourism attitude, tourism subjective norm and perceptual behavior control have significant correlation. A suggestion of sex.

【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

【参考文献】