新疆奶业结构、行为与绩效研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 06:43

本文选题：奶业 + 结构　；参考：《新疆农业大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 奶业是一个由奶牛养殖户、原料奶的收购者、乳制品加工企业、乳品消费者、政府和行业协会等要素构成的一个有机系统,彼此之间存在着非常密切的经济联系,但作为独立的经营主体又存在着一定的利益冲突。本研究以产业组织理论、信息经济学、新制度经济学、产业链等相关理论为基础,运用产业组织分析方法(结构——行为——绩效的SCP分析范式)、计量经济学、博弈论和问卷调查方法等研究手段,围绕原料奶生产、乳品制造和乳品消费这三个主要环节,对新疆奶业的发展现状进行了客观描述,对原料奶生产结构、乳品制造业市场结构、乳品消费结构及其各自的运行绩效进行了系统分析,对影响绩效的主要因素进行了分析评价,对乳品制造业市场行为、乳制品消费者行为,特别是乳品产业链纵向组织关系和各利益主体之间的竞争行为进行了深入研究,力求准确揭示新疆奶业发展的内在规律和发展趋势,提出规制各利益主体行为的有效途径,探索促进新疆奶业发展的相关建议,推动新疆奶业的持续健康发展。本研究的主要结论如下: (1)新疆是我国主要的原料奶生产基地,具有奶牛养殖的比较成本优势。原料奶生产的主要模式是农户散养,奶牛单产低于全国平均水平,而良种奶牛比例较低是影响奶牛单产水平最主要的因素;奶牛饲养在地理分布上的非均衡性导致了原料奶生产和乳品加工企业布局的区域不平衡性。 (2)新疆乳品制造业的产业集中度偏低,总体刚刚越过竞争型的市场结构,但在局部市场呈现一两家企业为主导的寡占型市场结构。随着奶源、规模经济效应等壁垒的存在,行业的进入壁垒正在逐渐提高,新企业进入将会越来越困难。 (3)市场结构和产权结构的共同作用,推动新疆乳品制造业经营业绩的提高。市场集中度比销售增长率对绩效的影响更大,但乳品制造业的盈利能力低于全部工业行业的平均水平;乳制品行业仍以外延型的扩大企业生产规模为主,产品同质化现象严重;新疆乳制品企业的技术效率明显低于全国水平。 (4)目前,新疆乳制品企业的技术创新能力还不强。企业更多是将注意力放在消费者品牌忠诚的培育和市场份额的争夺上;价格竞争和广告、并购等非价格竞争行为加快了乳制品行业的优胜劣汰,有利于形成以寡头为主导、大中小企业共生的相对稳定的新的产业组织结构。 (5)新疆具有乳制品消费的传统习惯,但总体消费水平还不高。城乡之间、南北疆之间消费还不平衡;消费者选购乳制品有明显的消费倾向,不同性别、年龄、民族、职业和文化程度的消费者其乳制品消费行为存在一定差异;收入水平和消费习惯是影响乳制品消费最主要和最直接的因素。 (6)新疆在奶业产业化发展中主要出现了龙头企业带动型、中介组织联动型、龙头企业带动的准合作社一体化型和完全一体化型等四种纵向组织关系模式。目前,分散饲养、分散挤奶、奶站集中收购牛奶是新疆原料奶生产的主要方式,多数乳制品加工企业采用两种以上的混合型奶源供应模式,奶源供应还不稳定。 (7)合作社一体化是乳品产业链演进发展的理想模式。从制度设计角度分析,建立“合作社参股的企业+奶农合作社+农户”的纵向组织关系,逐步走向合作社一体化的纵向组织关系是最优的乳品产业链纵向组织模式;从制度演化进程来看,应当加快改造传统的农户散养模式,大力发展公司+规模化牧场模式,鼓励并提倡发展合作社一体化和农工商综合体这一理想模式。
[Abstract]:Dairy industry is an organic system composed of dairy farmers, raw milk purchasers, dairy products processing enterprises, dairy consumers, government and industry associations. There is a very close economic relationship between each other, but there is a certain conflict of interest as an independent operating subject.
Based on the theories of industrial organization theory, information economics, new institutional economics and industrial chain, this paper uses industrial organization analysis method (structure behavior - Performance SCP analysis paradigm), econometrics, game theory and questionnaire survey methods, around raw milk production, dairy production and dairy consumption, three The main link is to make an objective description of the development status of Xinjiang milk industry. The production structure of raw milk, the market structure of dairy manufacturing industry, the consumption structure of dairy products and their respective operating performance are systematically analyzed. The main factors affecting the performance are analyzed and evaluated, the market behavior of dairy industry, the behavior of dairy products consumers, and the behavior of dairy products are specially analyzed. Not only the longitudinal organization relationship of dairy industry chain and the competitive behavior between the various interests of the main body has been studied in depth, so as to accurately reveal the inherent law and development trend of the development of Xinjiang milk industry, put forward the effective ways to regulate the behavior of various stakeholders, explore the relevant suggestions to promote the development of Xinjiang milk industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy hair of the dairy industry in Xinjiang. Show. The main conclusions of this study are as follows:
(1) Xinjiang is the main raw milk production base in China. It has the comparative cost advantage of dairy farming. The main mode of raw milk production is the farmers' dispersion, the single production of dairy cows is lower than the national average, and the low proportion of the good kind of cows is the most important factor affecting the single production level of the dairy cows; the unbalanced distribution of dairy cows in the geographical distribution leads to the disequilibrium of the dairy cows. Production of raw milk and dairy processing enterprises in the layout of the regional imbalance.
(2) the industrial concentration of Xinjiang dairy manufacturing industry is low, and the overall market structure has just crossed the competitive market structure, but in the local market, there is a two enterprise oriented oligopoly market structure. With the existence of milk source, scale economic effect and other barriers, the barriers to entry of the industry are increasing gradually, and the entry of new enterprises will become more and more difficult.
(3) the joint effect of market structure and property right structure promotes the improvement of the operating performance of Xinjiang dairy manufacturing industry. The market concentration has a greater impact on performance than the growth rate of sales, but the profitability of the dairy industry is lower than the average level of all industrial industries; the production scale of the dairy industry is still an extended enterprise, and the product is the same. The qualitative phenomenon is serious; the technical efficiency of dairy enterprises in Xinjiang is significantly lower than the national level.
(4) at present, the technological innovation ability of Xinjiang dairy enterprises is not strong. More attention is paid to the cultivation of consumer brand loyalty and the competition for market share; price competition and advertising, mergers and acquisitions and other non price competition behaviors have accelerated the survival of the dairy industry, which is conducive to the formation of oligarchy as the dominant and large and medium enterprises. The relative stability of the new industrial organization structure.
(5) Xinjiang has the traditional habits of dairy consumption, but the overall consumption level is not high. The consumption between the urban and rural areas is not balanced; the consumer purchase of dairy products has obvious tendency of consumption. There are certain differences in the consumer behavior of dairy products of different sex, age, ethnic, professional and cultural level; income level and consumption. Influence of dairy consumption habits are the most important and most direct factors.
(6) in the development of dairy industry in Xinjiang, there are four main types of longitudinal organizational relations, leading enterprise driving type, intermediary organization linkage, leading enterprise driven quasi cooperative integration and complete integration. At present, the main mode of Xinjiang raw milk production is the main mode of raw milk production in Xinjiang. Dairy processing enterprises with mixed milk supply mode of more than two, milk supply is not stable.
(7) the integration of cooperatives is an ideal model for the evolution and development of the dairy industry chain. From the perspective of institutional design, the vertical organizational relationship of "cooperatives participating in shares of enterprises + farmers cooperatives + farmers" is established, and the vertical organizational relationship of cooperative integration is the optimal vertical organization model of dairy industry chain; from the process of institutional evolution In view of this, we should accelerate the transformation of the traditional pattern of farmers' scattered breeding, vigorously develop the model of the company + large-scale pasture, and encourage and encourage the development of the ideal model of the integration of cooperatives and the agricultural and commercial complex.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F326.3;F426.82;F224

【引证文献】