写生与图式—西方绘画观察方法探幽

发布时间：2018-10-13 10:40

【摘要】： 西方的造型艺术的规则,一开始都是来源于大自然的。这些规则后来逐渐脱离自然变得概念化了,就形成了一种知识,一种关于“如何画”的知识。从此艺术家的工作变得更多地遵循这些知识而不是自然,这导致了图式的形成。检查图式并检验它的有效性从来奥纳尔多时代以来,每一个伟大的艺术家都有意识地或无意识地做了同样的事情。而以后历代的艺术改良者们只有超越这一体系,通过仔细观察的写生方式才能使自己更加接近于自然的真实。美术家用观看来开始创造,观看本身就是一种创造性的行为,需要某种努力。而我们在日常生活里涉及的每一事物,或多或少被已经养成的习惯歪曲了,这种情况,在我们这个世纪或许会更加明显,电影广告和杂志每天向我们提供了大量供眼睛看的现成的形象,它们的作用就如同偏见对心灵的作用一样。希望能够不带偏见地观看事物的这种努力,需要勇气这类东西,这种勇气对于要像头一次看东西时那样看每一事物的美术家来说是根本的。可是图式无论如何都会起作用,完全的不带成见地看世界,只是儿童的特权。正是因为走向另一极端,我们这个时代“变化”观念取代了永恒之美,掩盖了以理念优先于艺术、艺术将追随理念的古老的等级秩序。现在随之而来的是“变化”理念导致了低劣复制品的持续增加,而这种低劣的艺术复制品经过媒体的传播,已经逐渐败坏了人对作品的凝视,削弱了人的辨别力。我们不应忘记,瞬间的连续性构成了生命与事物的表面存在,并不断地对它们进行装饰和变化,在这种瞬间的连续性下面,存在着生命的更为真实、更为本质的特征,而自古以来,伟大的艺术家都励志要捕捉到这种特征,从而对现实做出更永恒的解释。在写生与图式,瞬间与永恒之间,急迫的需要我们做出选择。我想,既然速度引领潮流,图像成为时尚,我们何不冒英雄之名干点英雄之事,尝试用表现本质特征的方式去获得更大的永恒性,哪怕牺牲掉某些迷人的东西呢?
[Abstract]:The rules of Western plastic art originated from nature at first. These rules were gradually conceptualized from nature and formed a knowledge, a knowledge of how to draw. Since then the artist's work has become more guided by this knowledge than by nature, leading to the formation of schemata. Checking schemata and testing its validity since the days of Ronaldo, every great artist has done the same thing consciously or unconsciously. Later art innovators had to transcend this system and draw themselves closer to the reality of nature through careful observation of sketches. The artisans begin to create by watching, and viewing itself is a creative act that requires some effort. And everything we involve in our daily lives is more or less distorted by the habits that we have developed, and this is perhaps even more evident in our century. Movie ads and magazines provide us with a lot of ready-made images for the eye every day. They act as prejudice does to the mind. Such an effort to look at things without prejudice requires something like courage, which is fundamental to an artist who looks at everything as he did the first time he looked at it. But schemata work anyway, looking at the world without prejudice is just a child's prerogative. It is precisely because of the other extreme that the concept of "change" in our time has replaced the eternal beauty, obscuring the ancient hierarchical order in which ideas take precedence over art and art will follow them. Now the idea of "change" has led to the continuous increase of inferior replicas, which have gradually destroyed the gaze of the works and weakened their discriminations. We should not forget that the continuity of moments constitutes the superficial existence of life and things, and constantly decorates and changes them, and beneath the continuity of such moments lies a more real and essential characteristic of life. Since ancient times, great artists have been motivated to capture this feature and make a more timeless explanation of reality. Between sketches and schemas, between moments and eternity, we urgently need to make choices. I thought, since speed leads the trend and images become fashion, why don't we do something heroic in the name of heroes and try to achieve greater permanence by expressing essential characteristics, even at the expense of something fascinating?
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：J205

【共引文献】