一起高校诺如病毒感染性腹泻暴发疫情的调查

发布时间：2018-01-20 03:42

本文关键词： 诺如病毒胃肠炎暴发疫情流行病学调查　出处：《现代预防医学》2015年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的调查分析西安市一起由诺如病毒引起的学校胃肠炎暴发疫情的流行特征及流行因素。方法采用回顾性流行病学调查方法,了解病例发生情况。采集人体及环境标本进行病毒和细菌病原检测,综合分析可疑传播因素和途径。结果本次疫情从2014年6月6日开始至20日结束,共发生病例633例,总的罹患率为4.52%。由1号井和2号井供应直饮水的N1和N2宿舍楼发病人数明显高于由3号井和4号井供应的宿舍楼,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。39个病例的标本,检出31人诺如病毒阳性,3人轮状病毒阳性,1人腺病毒阳性;14人肠致病性大肠杆菌阳性、10人肠黏附性大肠杆菌阳性,同时感染二者的有7人。1号井水样大肠菌群数严重超标,部分水样菌落总数超标。结论本次疫情主要由诺如病毒引起,同时还伴有轮状病毒、腺病毒、肠致病性大肠杆菌、肠黏附性大肠杆菌等病原体混合感染的胃肠炎暴发疫情,供水井污染为可疑流行因素。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate and analyze the epidemic characteristics and epidemic factors of a school gastroenteritis outbreak caused by Norovirus in Xi'an. Methods retrospective epidemiological investigation was used. To understand the incidence of the cases. Collected human and environmental samples for virus and bacterial pathogens detection, comprehensive analysis of suspected transmission factors and routes. Results the epidemic from June 6th 2014 to 20th end. There were 633 cases with a total attack rate of 4.52. The number of cases in N1 and N2 dormitories supplied with direct drinking water from wells 1 and 2 was significantly higher than that provided by wells 3 and 4. The difference was statistically significant in the specimens of 39 cases (P 0.05), 31 norovirus positive and 3 rotavirus positive and 1 adenovirus positive. 14 cases were positive for Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and 10 cases were positive for Enteral Adhesion Escherichia coli, and 7 cases were infected with both of them. The number of coliform bacteria in water of well No. 1 exceeded the standard seriously. Conclusion this epidemic situation is mainly caused by Norovirus, but also accompanied by rotavirus, adenovirus, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Gastroenteritis caused by mixed infection of enteroadhesive Escherichia coli and other pathogens occurred. The contamination of supply wells was a suspicious epidemic factor.
【作者单位】：西安市疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R512.5
【正文快照】： 诺如病毒(NV),又称诺瓦克病毒,是人类杯状病毒科中诺如病毒属的原型代表株,最早是从1968年在美国诺瓦克市暴发的一次急性腹泻的患者粪便中分离的病原。NV腹泻流行地区极为广泛,20世纪70、80年代世界上发生的非细菌性腹泻暴发中19%~42%系NV所致。在美国、荷兰、英国、日本、澳

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