基于信息证据的鄱阳湖区血吸虫感染高风险区域识别及相关因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 08:23

本文选题：鄱阳湖 + 文献计量学　；参考：《中国疾病预防控制中心》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：鄱阳湖是我国第一大淡水湖。关于鄱阳湖的研究历来受到各学科、各领域研究人员的重视,其中关于血吸虫、血吸虫病及钉螺的研究就是最重要的研究主题之一。随着以控制传染源为主的血吸虫病综合性防治策略的实施,湖区的血吸虫病防治已取得显著成绩。但也存在一些问题,主要表现在,该区域的血吸虫病传染源流动性强,自然环境和社会环境表现形式复杂等,防控任务十分艰巨。如何更有效地采取措施对血吸虫病传播链条进行干预,特别是有针对性地识别血吸虫感染的“高风险环境”,评价人群、家畜活动的“高风险行为”及钉螺的孳生、繁殖规律,继而采取更为有效的干预和制定因地制宜的防治措施,成为血吸虫病防治及科研中亟待解决的重要课题。本研究从文献计量学及科学知识图谱角度,对关于鄱阳湖相关领域的研究,特别是血吸虫、血吸虫病及钉螺相关研究进行情报学分析,探索研究前沿、热点；基于此,结合空间信息技术及方法,通过阳性钉螺及牛粪探索识别血吸虫感染“高风险环境”,并对相关因素,如人群和家畜与高风险区域产生交互作用的环境和社会行为活动及高风险区域内水位对钉螺孳生的影响进行分析。为鄱阳湖区血吸虫病及钉螺防控提供科学借鉴及参考。整体研究分为以下四个部分：第一部分基于科学计量及信息可视化的鄱阳湖相关领域研究分析通过文献计量学及信息可视化图谱对鄱阳湖相关研究领域进行归纳总结,发现该领域围绕血吸虫、血吸虫病及钉螺；水资源、环境及气候；洪灾及其影响等7类主题展开研究,近年发文量增长迅速。其中最主要的研究主题是血吸虫、血吸虫病及钉螺(在引用次数10的高被引文献中占46%),但发文量随时间呈波动趋势。对探测到的16个鄱阳湖区血吸虫、血吸虫病及钉螺相关研究领域的主题绘制出战略坐标图,找到该领域研究的研究前沿及热点,其中新颖度和关注度最高的是血吸虫病综合性防治策略。依据与血吸虫、血吸虫病及钉螺相关研究领域的前沿、热点及可能研究方向,为以下三部分研究的进行提供了理论及相关技术的文献支撑。第二部分沿鄱阳湖6县血吸虫病疫情电子地图的建立本部分研究借助地理信息系统等空间信息技术及Google Earth等平台,通过绘制鄱阳湖区沿湖南昌、新建、都昌、鄱阳、余干以及星子等6县血吸虫病疫情分布电子地图以及钉螺分布洲滩图,对疫情进行简要分析,并对疫情、螺情信息进行可视化表达。为第三部分研究需要运用到的地理信息系统数据库及电子化地图奠定基础。第三部分鄱阳湖区人群、家畜血吸虫感染高风险区域的识别本部分通过收集2010年沿鄱阳湖6县的阳性钉螺及阳性野粪信息,以及人畜疫情数据,结合第二部分建立的空间数据库及电子地图,通过空间分析方法对该区域的人群、家畜血吸虫感染高风险区域进行识别。综合分析识别的血吸虫感染高风险区域以及人群、家畜活动频繁洲滩信息,最终得到需要重点控制的血吸虫感染高风险区域。结果共得到182个高风险区域洲滩。结合这些重点血吸虫感染高风险区域的人群感染情况进行验证；结果显示：除都昌县以外,其余5县探测到的高风险区域的人感染水平均高于该县的平均水平(P0.01),但在每个行政村的表现结果比较复杂。本部分研究结果提示,借助空间信息技术及方法,综合分析钉螺及野粪的疫情资料及人畜接触洲滩的行为,能有效探索识别人群和家畜血吸虫感染高风险区域,为血吸虫病及钉螺防控提供理论依据。第四部分血吸虫感染高风险区域内相关因素研究识别高风险区域的目的即为了控制孳生于这些区域的钉螺,以及预防人群、家畜在高风险区域内接触疫水等高风险行为,进而控制以及阻断血吸虫病的传播。本部分研究以都昌县沿鄱阳湖的有螺洲滩及棠荫水文站不同年份(2004-2009年)每月的水位为研究材料,探讨水位变化对钉螺孳生的影响。结果显示,在大尺度县域水平,活螺密度、感染螺密度与查螺前1月、查螺前2月及前1个枯水期的水位呈正相关；活螺密度与查螺当月水位呈负相关；有螺面积比和钉螺感染率和前1个丰水期水位成正相关。在小尺度行政村水平,因每个村每年查螺的洲滩不同,表现比较复杂。研究结果提示,水位对钉螺孳生的影响在不同时间、不同地理环境有所不同,所以在制定螺情控制的策略措施中,应该综合考虑多种因素。本研究初步分析了血吸虫感染高风险区域的环境及人群、家畜社会行为活动,结果提示该区域的活动人群主要通过放牧、洗手等方式接触疫水；他们对牛在血吸虫病传播中的作用缺乏认识,导致“封洲禁牧”等措施的实施阻力较大。
[Abstract]:Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. Research on Poyang Lake has always been attached to various subjects and researchers in various fields. Research on schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis and Oncomelania is one of the most important research topics. With the implementation of comprehensive control strategy for schistosomiasis controlled by infectious sources, Schistosoma japonicum in the lake area Significant achievements have been made in the prevention and control of disease. However, there are also some problems, which are mainly manifested in the strong mobility of the source of schistosomiasis in the region, the complexity of the natural environment and the social environment, and the arduous prevention and control task. The "high risk environment" of insect infection, the evaluation of the population, the high risk behavior of livestock activities, the breeding of Oncomelania snails, the breeding rules, and the more effective intervention and the formulation of measures to prevent and control the local conditions, have become an important subject in the prevention and research of schistosomiasis and scientific research.
From the perspective of bibliometrics and scientific knowledge map, the research on related fields in Poyang Lake, especially schistosomiasis, schistosomiasis and Oncomelania hupensis, was analyzed to explore the frontiers and hot spots. Based on this, the identification of schistosomiasis infection through the exploration of positive Oncomelania and cow dung combined with spatial information technology and methods. High risk environment, and analysis of the related factors, such as the interaction environment and social behavior of people and domestic animals and high risk areas, and the effects of water level on the breeding of Oncomelania snails in high risk areas, and provide scientific reference and reference for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis and Oncomelania snails in Poyang Lake district. The overall study is divided into four parts:
The first part is the research and analysis of Poyang Lake's related fields based on Scientific Metrology and information visualization.
Through bibliometrics and information visualization Atlas of the related fields in Poyang Lake, it is found that the field is focused on 7 topics, such as Schistosoma, schistosomiasis and oncomelania, water resources, environment and climate, flood and its influence. The most important research topic is Schistosoma and blood sucking in recent years. Insect disease and Oncomelania snails (46% of the high cited number of cited times 10), but the amount of service is fluctuating with time. A strategic coordinate map is drawn for the topics related to the study of 16 Poyang Lake Schistosoma, schistosomiasis and oncomelania, and the research frontiers and hot spots are found in this field, with the highest degree of novelty and attention. The comprehensive prevention and control strategy of schistosomiasis is based on the frontiers, hot spots and possible research directions related to Schistosoma, schistosomiasis and oncomelania, and provides the literature support for the following three parts.
The second part is the establishment of an electronic map of schistosomiasis outbreaks along 6 counties in Poyang Lake.
In this part, by using geographic information system and Google Earth and other platforms, the distribution of electronic maps of schistosomiasis in 6 counties along the lake, Nanchang, Duchang, Poyang, Yugan and Xingzi, Poyang Lake District, as well as the distribution of Oncomelania and Oncomelania marshland, are plotted, and the epidemic situation is analyzed, and the information of the epidemic situation and the snails are visible. For the third part, we need to study the GIS database and electronic map to lay the foundation.
The third part is the identification of high risk areas of Schistosoma japonicum infection in Poyang Lake population.
In this part, by collecting the information of positive Oncomelania and positive wild manure along the 6 counties of Poyang Lake in 2010, and the data of human animal epidemic, combined with the spatial database and electronic map established in the second parts, the high risk area of domestic animal schistosomiasis infection was identified by the spatial analysis method. The risk areas and the population, the frequent beaches of livestock activities, and eventually a high risk area for the key control of schistosomiasis infection. The result was 182 high risk area beaches, which were verified by the population infection in the high-risk areas of these key Schistosoma infections; the results showed that the other 5 counties, except Duchang County, were detected. The level of human infection in high-risk areas was higher than that in the county (P0.01), but the results in each administrative village were rather complicated.
The results of this study suggest that, with the help of spatial information technology and methods, the comprehensive analysis of the epidemic data of Oncomelania and wild manure and the behavior of human and animal contact with the marshland can effectively explore the high-risk areas for the identification of the population and domestic animal Schistosoma, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis and Oncomelania.
The fourth part is related factors of schistosome infection in high-risk areas.
The purpose of identifying high risk areas is to control the Oncomelania Snail breeding in these areas, and to prevent the high risk behavior of the population, the livestock in high risk areas, and then control and block the spread of schistosomiasis. This part studies the different years (2004-2009 years) of the snail and Tong Yin hydrological stations along Poyang Lake in Duchang county. The effect of the water level on the breeding of Oncomelania hupensis was discussed in the monthly water level. The results showed that the density of living snail and the density of the infected snails were positively correlated with the water level of the 1 dry periods before and in February before the snails in the large scale county level; the density of the living snail was negatively correlated with the water position of the snails in the month of the snails; the ratio of snail area and the infection rate of snails and Oncomelania snails were related. The level of the first 1 high water periods has a positive correlation. In the small scale administrative village level, the performance of the snail beach in each village is different. The results suggest that the influence of water level on the breeding of Oncomelania snails is different in different time and in different geographical environment. Therefore, in the strategy and measures of setting the control of the snails, a variety of factors should be taken into consideration.
This study preliminarily analyzed the environment and population of the high risk area of schistosomiasis and the social behavior of domestic animals. The results suggest that the active people in the region contact the epidemic water mainly through grazing and hand washing, and they lack knowledge of the role of cattle in the transmission of schistosomiasis, which leads to the greater resistance to the implementation of the "ban on the continent".

【学位授予单位】：中国疾病预防控制中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R532.21

【参考文献】