流行性腮腺炎的流行病学特征及暴发原因的分析

发布时间：2018-05-26 04:53

  本文选题：流行性腮腺炎 + 流行病学特征　； 参考：《安徽医科大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的了解巢湖市2005年～2011年流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征和流行性腮腺炎疫苗接种水平，从而评估流行性腮腺炎疫苗的保护效果，探讨暴发的原因，，为控制其流行提供科学依据。 方法采用描述流行病学方法分析巢湖市2005年～2011年的《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》流行性腮腺炎病例信息。同时，对参与处理的5所学校暴发疫情，采用1：2配对的病例对照方法，以研究流行性腮腺炎疫苗的保护效果。 结果2005年～2011年巢湖市累计报告流行性腮腺炎2758例，年平均发病率9.15/10万,疫情总体呈上升趋势。5～7月份为发病高峰，秋冬季节有不规律的小高峰。病例主要为在校小学生，其次是初中生。但10～14岁组儿童发病率有增加的趋势。男女性别比为2.30:1,2005年～2011年间性别差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.926，P＞0.05)。78.33%的调查病例是5～14岁的学龄儿童。75.83%的病例就诊于县级以下医疗卫生机构，病例发病后在不同级别的医疗卫生机构就医诊断的平均时间有统计学意义（Z=49.09，P＜0.01）。32.50%调查病例采取了医院/在家隔离措施，不同隔离方式导致隔离时间的差别有统计学意义（t=58.28，P＜0.05）。病例组与对照组均衡性一致（P＞0.05）。以预防接种证（卡）记录统计，1剂次疫苗保护效果为61%，95%CI为11%～83%；≥1剂次为69%，95%CI为40%～84%。估计接种率分别为73.41%和82.43%。以包括监护人回忆信息统计,1剂次的VE为69%，95%CI为40%～84%；≥1剂次为72%，95%CI为,50%～84%。估计接种率分别为79.22%、84.72%。 结论较低的疫苗接种率和/或较少的接种剂次是流行性腮腺炎暴发的主要原因。基层医疗卫生机构的报病意识淡薄是重要原因。应制定控制规划,加强流行性腮腺炎的免疫与以实验室为基础的疾病监测工作,严格执行入托入学查验预防接种证，提高并维持高水平2剂次接种率。同时，增强基层医疗卫生机构和学校的报病意识。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of mumps and the vaccination level of mumps vaccine from 2005 to 2011 in Chaohu city, so as to evaluate the protective effect of mumps vaccine, to explore the causes of the outbreak and to provide scientific basis for the control of mumps epidemic. Methods descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the case information of mumps in Chaohu City from 2005 to 2011. At the same time, in order to study the protective effect of mumps vaccine, the 1:2 matched case-control method was used to study the protective effect of mumps vaccine in 5 schools. Results A total of 2758 cases of mumps were reported from 2005 to 2011 in Chaohu City, with an average annual incidence of 9.15 / 100 000. The epidemic situation showed an upward trend in July and a small irregular peak in autumn and winter. Cases were mainly primary school students, followed by junior high school students. However, the incidence rate of children in 10 ~ 14 years old group has an increasing trend. The sex ratio between male and female was 2.30: 1. There was no significant gender difference between 2005 and 2011 (蠂 ~ 2 / 3.926 P > 0.05 / 78.33%). 75.83% of the investigated cases were children of school age of 5 ~ 14 years old. 75.83% of the cases were in medical and health institutions below the county level. The average time of medical diagnosis in different medical and health institutions was statistically significant (P < 0.01) .32.50% of the investigated cases took hospital / home isolation measures, and the difference of isolation time between different isolation methods was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The equilibrium between the case group and the control group was the same as that in the control group (P > 0.05). According to the record of vaccination card (card), the protective effect of the first dose of vaccine was 61% and 95% CI was 11% 833, and 鈮

本文编号：1936013