粪肠球菌对断奶仔猪的营养生理效应研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 12:14

本文关键词： 断奶仔猪粪肠球菌抗生素生长性能腹泻血液生化指标小肠形态盲肠菌群　出处：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本试验在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加不同水平的粪肠球菌,研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻程度、血液生化指标、抗氧化能力、免疫器官指数、小肠形态发育以及盲肠菌群的影响。选取120头(28±2)d平均体重为(7.60±0.81)kg的“杜×长×大”断奶仔猪,随机分为5组,每组6个重复(公母各半),每个重复4头,每个重复为一圈。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加100 mg/kg的硫酸粘菌素和400 mg/kg的杆菌肽锌,三个粪肠球菌组分别在基础饲粮中添加40、200和1000 mg/kg的粪肠球菌。试验期31天。试验结果显示：1)在1-14d,饲粮中添加抗生素和粪肠球菌对断奶仔猪的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)以及料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P0.05)。在15-31d,与对照组和抗生素组相比,粪肠球菌200和1000 mg/kg组可极显著提高ADFI和ADG(P0.01)。在1-31d,与对照组相比,粪肠球菌200和1000 mg/kg组的ADFI均极显著提高(P0.01),而ADG分别显著(P0.05)和极显著(P0.01)增加；与抗生素组相比,粪肠球菌1000 mg/kg组可极显著提高ADFI(P0.01),而粪肠球菌200和1000 mg/kg组的ADG分别显著(P0.05)和极显著(P0.01)增加。2)在1-14d,与对照组相比,粪肠球菌40 mg/kg组的腹泻指数和腹泻率显著降低(P0.05)。在15-31d和1-31d,与对照组和抗生素组相比,粪肠球菌40和1000 mg/kg组均可在一定程度上降低腹泻率(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,粪肠球菌可以显著提高血液中总蛋白含量,其中粪肠球菌200和1000 mg/kg组达到极显著水平(P0.01),且这两组分别可以显著(P0.05)和极显著(P0.01)提高球蛋白含量。与抗生素组相比,粪肠球菌200和1000 mg/kg组可以显著提高总蛋白含量(P0.05)。与对照组相比,抗生素组和粪肠球菌1000 mg/kg组的白蛋白与球蛋白含量之比(白球比)显著降低(P0.05),另外,抗生素组血液中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P0.05),粪肠球菌200 mg/kg组的谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加粪肠球菌对断奶仔猪血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量影响不显著(P0.05),而抗生素可显著降低血清中MDA含量(P0.05)。粪肠球菌1000 mg/kg组可显著提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性(P0.05),具有提高过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的趋势(P0.05)；200 mg/kg组可显著提高CAT活性(P0.05),具有提高GSH-PX活性的趋势(P0.05)；40mg/kg组可显著提高CAT活性(P0.05)。与对照组和抗生素组相比,粪肠球菌1000 mg/kg组可以极显著提高血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P0.01),粪肠球菌200 mg/kg组具有提高SOD活性的趋势(P0.05)。5)与对照组相比,粪肠球菌1000 mg/kg组的肝脏重量和脾脏指数有提高的趋势(P0.05),与抗生素组相比,粪肠球菌200和1000 mg/kg组可显著提高肝脏重量(P0.05)。6)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg的粪肠球菌可显著提高回肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比(V/C)(P0.05),并且具有提高十二指肠绒毛高度和降低回肠隐窝深度的趋势(P0.05)；与抗生素组相比,饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg的粪肠球菌可显著提高回肠V/C(P0.05),并且具有降低回肠隐窝深度的趋势(P0.05)。7)饲粮中添加抗生素和粪肠球菌对断奶仔猪盲肠菌群的有效序列数、操作分类单元(OTU)数以及a多样性指数(Chao1指数、Shannon指数、Ace指数和Simpson指数)均无显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,抗生素可分别在一定程度上提高和降低变形菌门和放线菌门细菌的比例(P0.05),粪肠球菌40和1000mg/kg组可在一定程度上降低变形菌门细菌的比例(P0.05)。与抗生素组相比,饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg的粪肠球菌有提高厚壁菌门细菌比例和降低变形菌门细菌比例的趋势(P.05),粪肠球菌40 mg/kg组具有降低变形菌门细菌的趋势(P0.05)。进一步从科的水平上分析盲肠菌群构成可知,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1000 mg/kg的粪肠球菌可显著增加断奶仔猪盲肠中芽孢杆菌科细菌的比例(P0.05),显著降低梭菌科和链球菌科细菌的比例(P0.05),具有增加乳酸杆菌科细菌的趋势(P0.05)。粪肠球菌40 mg/kg组具有增加芽孢杆菌科细菌和降低梭菌科细菌的趋势(P0.05)。与对照组相比,抗生素可在一定程度上增加肠杆菌科细菌比例(P0.05),而粪肠球菌可在一定程度上降低肠杆菌科细菌的比例(P0.05),且粪肠球菌组和抗生素组差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加粪肠球菌可改善断奶仔猪的生长性能(第15-31d),降低腹泻率,提高断奶仔猪的免疫力和抗氧化能力,促进其小肠形态发育,优化盲肠菌群构成；在粪肠球菌的三个添加水平中,以添加量为1000 mg/kg的效果为最好。
[Abstract]:The experiment of adding different levels of Enterococcus faecalis in weaned piglets and study the growth performance of piglet diarrhea, blood biochemical index, antioxidant ability, immune organ index, effects of intestinal morphological development and cecal flora. Select 120 head (28 + 2) d average weight (7.60 + 0.81) kg "Duroc * Landrace * Large weaned piglets were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 6 replicates (male and female), each with 4 heads, each repeat is a circle. The control group was fed the basal diet, bacitracin zinc sulfate stick antibiotics group add 100 mg/kg in the basic diet in 400 and mg/kg the three group of Enterococcus faecalis were added 40200 and 1000 mg/kg in the basic diet of Enterococcus faecalis. The trial period was 31 days. The results showed: 1) in 1-14d, the addition of antibiotics and Enterococcus faecalis in diet of weaned piglets on average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and Feed weight ratio (F/G) had no significant effect (P0.05). In 15-31d, compared with control group and antibiotics group, 200 Enterococcus faecalis and 1000 mg/kg groups could significantly increase ADFI and ADG (P0.01). In 1-31d, compared with the control group, 200 Enterococcus faecalis and 1000 mg/kg groups increased significantly (ADFI P0.01), and ADG (P0.05) were significantly and very significantly increased (P0.01); compared with the antibiotic group, 1000 Enterococcus faecalis mg/kg group could significantly increase the ADFI (P0.01), and Enterococcus faecalis in 200 mg/kg group and 1000 ADG respectively (P0.05) and a significant increase in.2 (P0.01)) 1-14d. Compared with the control group, Enterococcus faecalis and diarrhea diarrhea index of 40 mg/kg group was significantly lower (P0.05). In 15-31d and 1-31d, compared with control group and antibiotics group, 40 Enterococcus faecalis and 1000 mg/kg group were decreased to a certain extent, the diarrhea rate (P0.05).3) compared with the control group, Enterococcus faecalis can increase in blood total Protein content, including 200 Enterococcus faecalis and 1000 mg/kg group reached a significant level (P0.01), and the two groups were significant (P0.05) and (P0.01) significantly improve globulin content. Compared with the antibiotic group, 200 Enterococcus faecalis and 1000 mg/kg significantly increased the total protein content (P0.05) and compared. Control group, antibiotic group and Enterococcus faecalis 1000 group mg/kg albumin and globulin content ratio (white ball ratio) significantly decreased (P0.05), in addition, the antibiotic group blood alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity decreased significantly (P0.05), Enterococcus faecalis 200 group mg/kg ALT activity was significantly decreased (P0.05.4)) compared with the control group, adding Enterococcus faecalis in diet on Weaned Piglets serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content is not significantly affected (P0.05), and antibiotics can significantly decrease the content of serum MDA (P0.05) 1000. Enterococcus faecalis mg/kg group can significantly improve Gu Guanggan Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity (P0.05), catalase (CAT) could improve the activity of the trend (P0.05); the 200 group mg/kg significantly increased CAT activity (P0.05), with the trend of increasing the activity of GSH-PX (P0.05); 40mg/kg group could significantly increase the activity of CAT (P0.05) compared with control group and antibiotics. Group 1000, Enterococcus faecalis mg/kg group could significantly increase serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P0.01), Enterococcus faecalis 200 mg/kg group has the trend of increasing the activity of SOD (P0.05).5) compared with the control group, Mg /kg group of 1000 Enterococcus faecalis liver weight and spleen index were increased (P0.05), compared with the antibiotic group, 200 Enterococcus faecalis and 1000 mg/kg group showed significant increase in liver weight (P0.05).6) compared with the control group, the diet containing 1000 mg/kg of Enterococcus faecalis can significantly improve ileal villus height and crypt depth ratio (V/C) (P0.05), and has provided High duodenal villus height and crypt depth of the lower ileum trend (P0.05); compared with the antibiotic group, the diet containing 1000 mg/kg of Enterococcus faecalis can significantly improve ileal V/C (P0.05), which has lower ileal crypt depth. (P0.05).7) antibiotics and Enterococcus faecalis in diet on the effective sequence of microflora the number of piglets weaned, operational taxonomic units (OTU) and a diversity index (Chao1 index, Shannon index, Ace index and Simpson index) had no significant effect (P0.05). Compared with the control group, antibiotics can be respectively improved to a certain extent and reduce the Proteobacteria and actinobacteria (the proportion of bacteria P0.05), Enterococcus faecalis 40 and 1000mg/kg group can reduce the proportion of Proteobacteria bacteria in a certain extent (P0.05). Compared with the antibiotic group, Enterococcus faecalis added 1000 mg/kg diet with high proportion of bacteria and reduce bacteria thick door Proteobacteria bacteria proportion trend (P.05), Enterococcus faecalis 40 mg/kg group can reduce the Proteobacteria bacteria trend (P0.05). Further from the family level analysis of microflora composition of the, compared with the control group, adding 1000 mg/kg of Enterococcus faecalis could significantly enhance spore bacilli and cecum of weaned piglets in the diet (P0.05), significantly reduced the clostridiaceae and streptococcaceae bacteria ratio (P0.05), lactic acid bacilli have increased trend (P0.05). The mg/kg group has increased 40 Enterococcus faecalis bacillus, bacteria and bacteria, reduce bacteria shuttle trend (P0.05). Compared with the control group, antibiotics increase the proportion of Enterobacteriaceae in a certain extent (P0.05), and Enterococcus faecalis can reduce Enterobacteriaceae in a certain extent, the ratio of (P0.05), and Enterococcus faecalis group and antibiotic group was significant difference (P0.05). The results showed that dietary Tim The growth performance and Enterococcus faecalis can improve weaned piglets (15-31d), reduce the diarrhea rate, improve immunity and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets, promoting the development of small intestine morphology, optimization of microflora composition; in three concentration of Enterococcus faecalis, with dosage of 1000 mg/kg is better than the others.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S828.5

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