宁夏部分地区牲畜口蹄疫免疫抗体与非结构蛋白抗体检测及差异性分析

发布时间：2018-02-24 22:02

本文关键词： 口蹄疫免疫抗体非结构蛋白检测与分析　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为预防控制重大动物疫病的发生,国家对口蹄疫等4种动物疫病实施强制免疫,各级人民政府根据政策要求对口蹄疫进行强制免疫,但使用疫苗免疫只能确保在免疫抗体水平达到一定程度时,易感动物不发病。免疫过的动物中,有一定数量的动物因受到病毒侵袭发病或成为病毒携带者。因此,通过检测免疫抗体水平和非结构蛋白抗体水平鉴别自然感染动物和疫苗免疫动物,可以从群体水平上了解不同地区畜群整体免疫抗体水平状况,评价注射疫苗后动物机体能否对病毒产生有效抗体,免疫注射过程是否规范操作。这对在不同地区通过免疫实现无病毒传播或传播程度很小,实现动物疫病流行率始终处于较低水平,保证动物或动物产品的流通不会引起疫情,确保畜禽群体健康和公共卫生安全,意义重大。本研究采取判断抽样的方法进行样本采集,对不同区域牛、羊、猪规模养殖场和散养户家畜免疫抗体和非结构蛋白抗体进行检测,根据检测结果对口蹄疫免疫情况以及病毒侵袭的区域和群间分布状况进行描述,为制定口蹄疫防控政策,有效预防口蹄疫病毒在畜群中传播发生提供了一定的数据支持,结果如下:1.免疫动物1月后监测抗体显示,在使用同一疫苗的基础上,规模养殖场免疫抗体水平均值88.2%,散养户免疫抗体水平均值74.8%,规模养殖场免疫抗体水平高于散养户13.4%,说明规模养殖场和散养户在免疫注射程序、饲养管理水平等因素的影响下,群体的免疫抗体水平存在差异;不同区域免疫抗体合格率最高90%,最低70%,说明在不同区域、不同动物疫病防控管理水平条件下,免疫抗体合格率有差异。2.场户分布结果显示,规模养殖场口蹄疫非结构蛋白抗体阳性率为5.3%,高于散养户,说明集约化、规模化集中饲养,一旦发生隐性感染,会有迅速传播的可能性。地区分布显示,非结构蛋白抗体阳性主要集中在3、4、5区域,并且该区域牲畜调运频繁,以短期育肥为主要饲养模式,说明频繁调运和交易与非结构蛋白抗体检出有一定相关性,需对该地区牲畜进行进一步检测,同时需要密切关注免疫抗体水平。
[Abstract]:In order to prevent and control the occurrence of major animal epidemics, the State shall enforce compulsory immunization against four animal epidemics, including foot-and-mouth disease, and people's governments at various levels shall, in accordance with policy requirements, carry out compulsory immunization against foot-and-mouth disease. However, vaccination with vaccines can only ensure that susceptible animals do not develop disease when the level of immune antibodies reaches a certain level. A certain number of animals that have been immunized have been affected by the virus or become carriers of the virus. By detecting the level of immune antibody and the level of non-structural protein antibody, we can identify the naturally infected animals and vaccine-immunized animals. To evaluate whether the animal body after vaccination can produce effective antibodies to the virus and whether the immunization process is standardized. This has little effect on the degree of viral transmission or transmission through immunization in different regions. It is of great significance to realize the epidemic rate of animal epidemic at a low level, to ensure that the circulation of animals or animal products will not cause the epidemic, and to ensure the health and public health safety of livestock and poultry. The immune antibodies and non-structural protein antibodies of cattle, sheep, pig farms and domestic animals in different regions were detected. The immune status of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and the regional and inter-population distribution of virus invasion were described according to the test results. It provides certain data support for formulating the prevention and control policy of foot-and-mouth disease and effectively preventing the spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus in livestock. The results are as follows: 1.Surveillance antibody of immunized animals after January shows that on the basis of using the same vaccine, The average level of immune antibodies in scale farms was 88.2um, the average level of immune antibodies in bulk farmers was 74.8. The level of immune antibodies in scale farms was higher than that in retail farmers, which indicated that the level of immune antibodies in scale farms and individual farmers was affected by the immunization procedure and the level of feeding management, and so on. The qualified rate of immune antibody in different regions was the highest 90 and the lowest 70, which indicated that the qualified rate of immune antibody was different in different regions and different levels of animal disease prevention and control. 2. The results of field household distribution showed that, The positive rate of antibodies against non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease in large-scale farms is 5.3, which is higher than that of scattered farmers, indicating that intensive and large-scale intensive feeding, once recessive infection occurs, will have the possibility of rapid transmission. The regional distribution shows that, The positive rate of non-structural protein antibody was mainly concentrated in the area of 3Q4Q5, and the livestock were transported frequently in this area. The main feeding mode was short-term fattening, which indicated that frequent transport and trade were related to the detection of non-structural protein antibodies. Further testing of livestock in the area is required, and the level of immune antibodies needs to be closely monitored.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S852.4

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