柴胡提取物在热应激奶牛饲料中安全性评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 00:00

本文选题：柴胡提取物　切入点：奶牛　出处：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同剂量的柴胡提取物(Bupleurum extract,BE)对热应激奶牛生理指标、生产性能、营养物质消化率、瘤胃发酵、血液激素、血常规以及生化指标的影响,并确定热应激奶牛对BE的最大耐受量,为BE在奶牛生产中的安全使用提供依据。试验选用48头产奶量(30.96±3.96 kg/d)、泌乳时间(207.98±12.2 d)、胎次(1.96±1.07)相同的健康荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组,每组12头,分别饲喂4种不同处理的日粮,即试验基础日粮中分别添加0g/kg、0.5g/kg、2.5g/kg、5.0g/kg的BE(DM基础),采用全混合日粮饲喂,试验预饲期1周,正式期9周。牛舍每天平均温湿度指数都在72以上,因此,试验牛在整个试验期处于热应激状态。研究结果表明:1.随着BE添加剂量的增加,热应激奶牛一天中06:00、14:00和22:00的直肠温度呈现二次方程的变化(P0.05),且在0.5g/kg添加水平达到最小值。但是,添加不同剂量的BE对热应激奶牛呼吸频率没有显著影响(P0.05)2.添加BE对采食量和产奶量(P0.05)、乳蛋白产量(P=0.06)和体细胞评分(P=0.07)呈二次方程的影响,采食量、产奶量和乳蛋白产量在0.5g/kg添加水平时数值最大,体细胞评分在0.5g/kg添加水平时数值最小。随着BE添加剂量的增加,乳尿素氮、乳脂率和总固形物线性降低(P0.05)。但是添加BE对奶牛4%乳脂校正乳、能量校正乳、乳脂产量、乳糖、乳蛋白率、总固形物产量均无显著影响(P0.05)。3.BE添加水平对热应激奶牛瘤胃液pH和氨态氮含量,丙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸浓度以及乙酸/丙酸无显著影响(P0.05);随着BE添加剂量的增加,菌体蛋白含量、乙酸、丁酸及总挥发酸浓度线性降低(P0.05)。4.BE添加水平对热应激奶牛日粮中干物质、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和有机物的表观消化率无显著影响(P0.05)。5.随BE添加剂量的增加,奶牛血液中白细胞数和平均血红蛋白浓度线性降低(P0.05);血小板浓度线性增加(P0.01),5g/kg组的血小板数显著高于对照组和0.5g/kg。但是,添加BE对奶牛血液中红细胞数、淋巴细胞数、血红蛋白浓度、红细胞比容、红细胞压积、红细胞分布宽度、平均血红蛋白量和平均血小板体积无显著影响(P0.05)。6.随着BE添加量的增加,奶牛血液中白蛋白、尿素氮、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和β-羟丁酸浓度线性降低(P0.10),甘油三酯浓度线性增加(P0.01),但是BE对总蛋白、球蛋白、葡萄糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和非酯化脂肪酸没有显著影响(P0.05)。7.随着BE添加剂量的增加,奶牛血液中皮质醇和瘦素(P=0.08)的浓度线性降低,催乳素的浓度线性增加(P0.01),胰岛素浓度呈二次升高(P0.01),在0.5g/kg添加水平数值最大。但是,BE对热应激奶牛血液中T3、T4、神经肽Y、生长激素、IGF-1和胰高血糖素浓度无显著影响(P0.0.5)。综上述所,日粮中添加0.5 g/kg的BE能够缓解热应激,并提高生产性能,通过调节激素的分泌来避免热应激对奶牛机体的损伤,对机体有一定的保护作用;但是添加5g/kg BE降低热应激奶牛瘤胃发酵参数和乳品质,不利于奶牛机体健康,尤其是对肝脏功能有一定的损伤。因此,在本试验条件下推荐BE在热应激奶牛饲料中的安全限量为5g/kg DM。
[Abstract]:In order to study Bupleurum extract dietary supplementation of the test (Bupleurum extract, BE) on the physiological indexes, the heat stress of dairy cattle production performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood hormone, blood biochemical indexes and influence, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose of cow heat stress on BE, provide the basis for the BE in in dairy production safety. Experiment 48 head of milk yield (30.96 + 3.96 kg/d), lactation time (207.98 + 12.2 d), parity (1.96 + 1.07) the same healthy Holstein cows were randomly divided into 4 groups, 12 pigs in each group, were fed 4 different treatment diets, namely the experimental basis diets supplemented with 0g/kg, 0.5g/kg, 2.5g/kg, 5.0g/kg, BE (DM based), the total mixed ration feeding, pre trial period was 1 weeks and 9 weeks. The official barn daily average temperature humidity index is above 72, the cows in heat stress in the whole experimental period State. The results show that: 1. with the increase of BE dosage, 06:00,14:00 and rectal temperature at 22:00 in the day showed a quadratic equation of heat stress of dairy cows changes (P0.05), and reached the minimum at 0.5g/kg levels. However, adding different doses of BE had no significant effect on the heat stress of dairy cow respiratory frequency (P0.05) 2. add BE on intake and milk yield, milk protein yield (P0.05) (P=0.06) and somatic cell score (P=0.07) were studied, quadratic equation of feed intake, milk yield and milk protein yield the maximum value of the level of dietary 0.5g/kg, somatic cell score values in the 0.5g/kg when the addition level with minimum. Increase of BE dosage, milk urea nitrogen, fat and total solids decreased (P0.05). But the addition of BE on the 4% fat corrected milk cows, energy corrected milk, lactose, milk yield, milk protein content, total amount of solid products were not significantly affected (P0.05).3.BE added The level of heat stress of dairy cow rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen content, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, isovaleric acid, acid concentration and acetate / propionate had no significant effect (P0.05); with the increase of BE dosage, acetic acid, butyric acid and protein content, total volatile acid concentration decreased (P0.05).4.BE levels of crude protein on dry matter, heat stress in dairy cow diets, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and organic matter digestibility had no significant effect (P0.05).5. with increased dietary BE, blood leukocyte count and hemoglobin concentration decreased (P0.05); linear increase in platelet concentration (P0.01) and the platelet count was higher in 5g/kg group than in control group and 0.5g/kg. but added BE on red blood cell blood count, lymphocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, hematocrit, red cell distribution width, mean hemoglobin and mean No significant effect of platelet volume (P0.05).6. with the increase of the amount of BE, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and beta hydroxybutyric acid concentration decreased (P0.10), triglyceride (P0.01) concentration increased linearly, but the BE of total protein, globulin, glucose, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and non esterified fatty acids had no significant effect (P0.05) of.7. with the increase of BE dosage, cortisol and blood leptin in dairy cows (P=0.08) concentration decreased, increased linearly with the concentration of prolactin (P0.01), the concentration of insulin was two times higher (P0.01), the largest in the numerical level. But 0.5g/kg added. BE of heat stress in dairy cow blood T3, T4, neuropeptide Y, growth hormone, no significant effects of IGF-1 and glucagon concentration (P0.0.5). All of the above, BE added 0.5 g/kg in the diet can alleviate the heat stress, and improve the production performance. Over regulation of hormone secretion to avoid the damage of heat stress on dairy cow body, has a protective effect on the body; but the addition of 5g/kg BE to reduce the heat stress of dairy cow rumen fermentation and milk quality of dairy cows, is not conducive to the body health, especially the damage of the liver function. Because of this, under the experimental conditions recommended BE in the heat stress of dairy cow feed safety limits for 5g/kg DM.

【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.5

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