红外热像技术在泌乳牛舍建筑节能现场检测中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-18 09:30

本文选题：泌乳牛舍　切入点：红外热像技术　出处：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：采用红外热像仪对牛舍窗户的气密性、外墙的传热系数和围护结构的热工缺陷进行了现场检测,目的是了解牛舍建筑节能的状况,客观地评价牛舍外围护结构的热工性能,为今后寒冷地区牛舍外围护结构的热工设计、工程验收和牛舍维护提供建议和指导。对2个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛舍的建筑节能现状进行了现场检测。在牛舍窗户气密性的现场检测时,首先选择合适的拍摄对象,然后进行普测、找到可疑的漏风部位,再对可疑部位进行详细检测及拍摄。拍摄过程中测量舍外风速、气温、气湿、云量、降雨等气象条件,并拍摄窗户的可见光照片。利用专业软件Quick Report对距离、发射温度、发射率等内容进行修正,然后提取和分析温度信息。根据温差、温差产生的原因,对窗户是否漏风及漏风的部位进行判断。结果表明:完达山奶牛养殖有限公司彩钢泌乳牛舍的窗玻璃与窗框接缝处、窗扇交界处漏风明显,窗户的气密性较差;裕达牧业有限公司砖混泌乳牛舍的窗框与墙壁交界处漏风明显,窗户的气密性较差;裕达牧业有限公司彩钢泌乳牛舍窗户漏风不明显,窗户的气密性较好。采用“对流换热系数”法测定泌乳牛舍墙壁的传热系数。首先测定出泌乳牛舍内外的环境温度,计算出内外环境温度差。测出泌乳牛舍外的气流速度,计算出墙壁的热流密度;然后利用FLIR E30红外热成像仪对泌乳牛舍的北侧外墙进行拍摄,选取清晰、准确、效果良好的红外热谱图,利用专业软件Quick Report对热谱图进行热聚焦处理,并对泌乳牛外温度和环境反射温度、辐射率和距离等内容进行修正,获取表面温度分布和平均温差;最后计算出牛舍墙壁的平均传热系数。试验结果表明:采用红外热像技术现场检测的泌乳牛舍传热系数与理论计算的传热系数之间的最大检测绝对误差为14.5%,最小检测绝对误差为2.1%。在牛舍外围护结构建筑热工缺陷检测时,首先要对整个牛舍的外围护结构进行普测,然后再对可疑的部位进行详测。拍摄时避免周围环境的影响。围护结构同一个部位,至少拍摄4张红外热谱图。对于所检测部位的热谱图,应该附上可见光照片。红外检测的结果表明,泌乳牛舍外围护结构的主要热工缺陷包括:砖混结构墙体的砖缝灰浆不饱满,实心红砖密度不均匀,墙壁外侧的保温板脱落、断裂和空鼓,屋顶与墙壁的交界处舍外冷空气渗透,屋顶保温板接缝不严密等。
[Abstract]:The air tightness of the window, the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall and the thermal defects of the enclosure structure are detected by infrared thermal imager. The purpose of this paper is to understand the energy saving situation of the cowshed building, and to evaluate objectively the thermal performance of the exterior enclosure structure of the cowshed. For the thermal design of the outer enclosure structure of cowshed in the cold area in the future, Project acceptance and cattle house maintenance provide advice and guidance. The building energy saving status of two large-scale dairy cattle farms is tested on the spot. In the field inspection of air tightness of cowshed windows, the appropriate shooting object is first selected. Then the general survey was carried out, the suspected air leakage was found, and then the suspicious parts were examined and photographed in detail. During the shooting, the meteorological conditions such as wind speed, air temperature, air humidity, cloud volume, rainfall and other meteorological conditions were measured. Using the professional software Quick Report to correct the distance, emission temperature, emissivity and so on, then extract and analyze the temperature information. The result shows that the window glass and window frame joint of the Caigang Milk Cow House in Wanda Mountain Dairy Cow breeding Co., Ltd., the air leakage at the junction of window fan is obvious, the air tightness of the window is poor; The window frame at the junction of the window frame and the wall is obviously leaking and the air tightness of the window is poor, while the window of the color steel lactation cowshed of Yuda Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd is not obvious. The air tightness of windows is better. The heat transfer coefficient of the wall of lactation cow shed is measured by "convection heat transfer coefficient" method. Firstly, the ambient temperature inside and outside the dairy house is measured, and the temperature difference between inside and outside is calculated. The velocity of air flow outside the milk cow house is measured. The heat flux density of the wall was calculated, and then the FLIR E30 infrared thermal imager was used to photograph the external wall of the north side of the dairy house, and the clear, accurate and effective infrared thermal spectrum diagram was selected, and the thermal focusing process of the thermal spectrum diagram was carried out by using the professional software Quick Report. The external temperature and environmental reflection temperature, emissivity and distance of lactation cattle were corrected to obtain the surface temperature distribution and average temperature difference. Finally, the average heat transfer coefficient of the wall of the cowshed is calculated. The experimental results show that the maximum detection absolute error between the heat transfer coefficient of the dairy cattle and the heat transfer coefficient calculated in theory is 14.5and the minimum is the minimum. The absolute error of the detection is 2.1. In the thermal defect detection of the enclosed structure outside the cowshed, First of all, we should carry out a general survey of the outer enclosure structure of the whole cowshed, and then take a detailed survey of the suspicious parts. When shooting, we should avoid the influence of the surrounding environment. The enclosure structure is the same part. Take at least 4 infrared thermal spectra. For the thermal spectra of the detected parts, visible light photos should be attached. The results of the infrared detection show that, The main thermal defects of the outer enclosure of lactation cowshed include: the plump mortar of brick and concrete structure wall, the density of solid red brick is uneven, the insulation board outside the wall falls off, breaks and empty drum, The junction of roof and wall outside cold air infiltration, roof insulation board joint is not tight, etc.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823;TU264.1

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