红曲米对山羊甲烷排放、瘤胃古菌多样性及饲料利用率的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 09:17

  本文选题：红曲米　切入点：洛伐他汀　出处：《四川农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究日粮中添加红曲米对山羊甲烷排放量、瘤胃古菌多样性及饲料利用率的影响。本试验采用2*2拉丁方设计,选取10头山羊,分为2个处理组,分别为对照组(CT),红曲米组(RYR)。每期试验23天,其中预饲期14天,代谢试验期6天,呼吸测热3天。通过代谢实验来评定红曲米对饲料利用率的影响,利用开路式循环呼吸测热室检测甲烷排放量。每期实验结束后抽取山羊瘤胃内容物样品,提取瘤胃微生物总DNA,利用古菌通用引物对(上游引物A349F 5'-GYGCASCAGKCGM GAAW-3'和下游引物 A806R 5'-GGACTACVSGGGTATCTAAT-3'),以总 DNA 为模板,针对 16srRNA V4-V5 region 进行 PCR 扩增。利用 I11umina MiSeq 300PE 测序平台对扩增产物进行高通量测序。应用生物信息学软件对测序结果进行统计分析。结果表明:1)与CT组相比,RYR组有机物及粗蛋白消化率极显著降低(P0.01),但仅比对照组降低了 3.4%和7.3%,干物质采食量,干物质、粗灰分、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和粗纤维的消化率两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);2)氮沉积率和氮净利用率两个处理组间没有显著差异(P0.05);3)能量利用率方面,消化能/总能对照组均极显著高于红曲米组(P0.01),代谢能/总能对照组显著高于红曲米组(P0.05),但红曲米组净能/总能极显著高于对照组(P0.01);4)与对照组相比,红曲米组CH4g/d、CH4g/kg干物质采食量、CH4g/kg有机物采食量、CH4g/kg可消化干物质摄入量和CH4g/kgBW∧0.75极显著降低(P0.01),CH4g/kg可消化有机物摄入量显著降低(P0.05),CH4g/kg可消化NDF摄入量两组之间差异不显著(P0.05);5)与对照组相比,红曲米组血液中高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白均极显著降低(P0.01),另外红曲米组低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);6)红曲米对瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和氨氮浓度均无显著影响;7)本次试验共获得属于古菌的序列数为75616。基于相似度大于97%的原则,将获得的有效序列进行 OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Units)聚类,共获得 23640TUs,已足够覆盖瘤胃古菌种群,shannon指数红曲米组显著高于对照组(P0.05),ChaoⅠ指数和observed_species指数虽然组间的差异不显著(P0.05),但红曲米组在数值上高于对照组;8)对照组广古菌门的相对丰度达到95.80%,极显著高于红曲米组,而红曲米组泉古菌门的相对丰度为19.44%,极显著高于对照组。(P0.01);9)在纲、目、科、属、种水平上,红曲米组的甲烷杆菌纲、甲烷杆菌目、甲烷杆菌科和甲烷短杆菌属的相对丰度均极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。而红曲米组属于泉古菌门的菌群主要为未分类的热变形菌纲(19.11%),极显著高于对照组(P0.01)。试验结论:红曲米具有抑制瘤胃甲烷短杆菌的作用,但并不能抑制所有的瘤胃古菌。日粮中添加红曲米能显著提高山羊对日粮能量的利用效率,极显著降低山羊瘤胃甲烷排放量,且对氮的利用效率和瘤胃发酵参数影响不显著;因此红曲米可以用于山羊瘤胃甲烷的减排。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of adding red koji rice to diet on methane emission, diversity of rumen archaea and feed utilization efficiency in goats. There were 23 days in each trial, including 14 days of pre-feeding, 6 days of metabolic test and 3 days of respiration calorimetry. The effects of red koji rice on feed utilization were evaluated by metabolic experiments. Methane emissions were measured in an open-circuit circulatory breathing chamber. Samples of goat rumen contents were taken at the end of each phase of the experiment. The total DNA of rumen microorganism was extracted by using the universal primer pairs (upstream primer A349F 5'-GYGCASCAGKCGM GAAW-3'and downstream primer A806R 5GGACTACVGTATGTATCTAAT-3). The total DNA was used as template. The 16srRNA V4-V5 region was amplified by PCR. The high throughput sequencing was carried out by using I11umina MiSeq 300PE sequencing platform. The results were statistically analyzed by bioinformatics software. The results showed that: 1) compared with CT group, RYR had high throughput. The digestibility of organic matter and crude protein decreased significantly (P 0.01), but the dry matter intake decreased by 3.4% and 7.3% than that of the control group. There was no significant difference in digestibility of dry matter, crude ash, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude fiber between the two groups (P > 0.05). The digestible energy / total energy of the control group was significantly higher than that of the red koji rice group (P 0.01), the metabolic energy / total energy control group was significantly higher than that of the red koji rice group (P 0.05), but the net energy / total energy of the red koji rice group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P 0.01). Ch 4 g / kg dry matter intake of Ch 4 g / kg Ch 4 g / kg in red koji rice group was significantly lower than that in control group (P 0. 01 g / kg, P 0. 05 g / kg, P 0. 05 g / kg, P 0. 05 g / kg, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%). High density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the blood of Monascus rice group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P 0.05). In addition, the low density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in red koji rice group were significantly lower than those in control group (P 0.05). There was no significant effect of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen concentration.) the number of sequences belonging to ancient bacteria was 75616. Based on the principle of similarity greater than 97%, the effective sequences were clustered by OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Unites. A total of 23640TUswas obtained, which was enough to cover the rumen paleomycetes group, the red koji rice group was significantly higher than the control group (P 0.05), the Chao 鈪，

本文编号：1657658