新疆阿勒泰地区毒害草的种群与分布

发布时间：2018-03-25 11:03

本文选题：毒害草　切入点：阿勒泰地区　出处：《新疆农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：毒害草对草原畜牧业生产,对草场生态环境的危害已经不容忽视。研究毒害草在各个地区的种类及分布,通过多样性分析及科学的方法去研究、对比和评价毒害草在整个生态圈的意义。新疆阿勒泰地区是一个以草原畜牧业为主的地区,研究阿勒泰地区毒害草种类和分布具有重大意义。阿勒泰地区草地面积占了新疆天然草地面积的7%,调查该地区毒害草种类与分布具有重大意义。本研究采取实地调查与到当地县市畜牧局、草原站索取资料相结合的方法,对阿勒泰地区草原主要有毒、有害植物的种类、分布及危害程度进行调查,为阿勒泰地区草原畜牧业可持续发展提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下:(1)阿勒泰地区草地主要毒害草有98种,隶属于29科60属,在这29科毒害草中,含4种以上毒害草的科有8科,分别为毛茛科、菊科、禾本科、豆科、罂粟科、蓼科、茄科、龙胆科,仅这8科即占毒害草总数的63.27%。(2)毒害草的种类较丰富,这对草原未来的发展形成了较大的隐患。12个草地类型的毒害草物种丰富度范围为19-50种。Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)变化在1.95-4.42之间;Simpson指数(D)和均匀度(Jsw)依次为于0.34-0.92和0.31-0.93。(3)12个草地类型的种群分布格局差异较大,一半毒害草群落都是聚集分布,其中荒漠类草地类型全部都是聚集分布,均匀分布的草地类型最少,随机分布的草地共有4种,大部分是草甸草地类型。(4)阿勒泰地区草地的毒害草危害已经较严重,在这种不能确保补种牧草、恢复植被的情况下,不宜完全采取化学或物理防除方法除毒害草,以免造成天然草地植被退化,生态环境恶化。
[Abstract]:The harm of poisonous grass to grassland animal husbandry production and grassland ecological environment can not be ignored. To study the species and distribution of poisonous grass in various regions, we should study it by means of diversity analysis and scientific methods. Comparing and evaluating the significance of toxic grass in the whole ecosphere. Altay region in Xinjiang is a region dominated by grassland animal husbandry. It is of great significance to study the species and distribution of poisonous grass in Altay region. The grassland area in Altay area accounts for 7% of the natural grassland area in Xinjiang. It is of great significance to investigate the species and distribution of poisonous grass in this area. Investigating and going to the local county and city animal husbandry bureau, With the method of obtaining information from grassland stations, the species, distribution and harm degree of the main poisonous and harmful plants in the grasslands of the Aletai region were investigated. The main results are as follows: (1) there are 98 species of poisonous grass in Altay grassland, belonging to 29 families and 60 genera. There are 8 families in which there are more than 4 species of poisonous grass, which are Ranunculaceae, Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Papaveraceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae and Gentianaceae. The species richness of 12 grassland types ranged from 19 to 50 species. Shannon-Wiener index (HN) ranged from 1.95-4.42, Simpson index (D) and evenness (Jsw) were 0.34-0.92 and 0.31-0.93.0.32, respectively. The pattern of group distribution is quite different, Among them, all the desert grassland types are clustered distribution, the average distribution is the least, and there are 4 species of randomly distributed grassland. Most of them are meadow grassland type. 4) the harm of toxic grass in Altay grassland is already serious, so it is not appropriate to take chemical or physical control methods to remove poisonous grass in this situation, which can not ensure the replanting of forage and restore vegetation. In order to avoid the degradation of natural grassland vegetation, ecological environment deterioration.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812.6

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