日粮添加不同油籽对绵羊脂代谢及皮下脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成的影响

发布时间：2018-04-16 23:33

本文选题：油籽 + 育肥绵羊　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究在日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽,即油菜籽(52%的C18:1)、葵花籽(66%的C18:2)和胡麻籽(55%的C18:3),以研究它们对舍饲育肥绵羊瘤胃发酵特性、生长性能和脂肪酸组成的影响。试验选用40只体重为33.73±3.65kg、生理状态相似的杂交公羊(小尾寒羊×蒙古羊)随机分为4个组,每组10只。各组绵羊分别喂以含有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽,其中对照组采用基础日粮(不含油籽),以豆粕和棉粕代替油籽,试验组分别饲喂:基础日粮+ 10%油菜籽、基础日粮+ 10%葵花籽、基础日粮+10%胡麻籽的日粮。预饲期10天,正试期35天,试验期内所有试验动物自由饮水。试验一:日粮添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽对舍饲育肥绵羊生产性能、屠宰性能及瘤胃发酵特性的影响。饲喂期对育肥羊的生长性能相关指标进行记录,饲喂期结束后对所有羊只进行屠宰,测定屠宰性能并当场采集瘤胃液以便后期测定瘤胃发酵相关指标。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验组采食量及日增重均略有下降,但差异不显著(P0.05);不同油籽对瘤胃pH影响差异显著(P0.01),其中胡麻籽组PH值最高,油菜籽组最低;各处理组瘤胃液中氨态氮含量胡麻籽组显著(P0.05)高于其他三组,其他各组间差异不显著(P0.05);瘤胃菌体蛋白含量各组间差异均不显著(P0.05)。研究表明:在本试验条件下,日粮添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽对育肥绵羊生长性能没有显著影响;胡麻籽组的瘤胃pH值和氨态氮含量显著高于油菜籽组和对照组,但均处于正常水平范围内;试验处理对瘤胃菌体蛋白含量均无显著影响,表明在育肥绵羊日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽可以作为调控绵羊肉中功能性脂肪酸组成的方法。试验二:日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽对舍饲育肥绵羊血液脂肪代谢相关指标的影响。在试验结束的时候对所有羊只进行采血,样品采回后,使用生化分析仪对其血液中脂肪代谢相关指标的含量进行分析。结果显示:与对照组相比日粮中添加10%的油菜籽后对血液甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白含量无影响(P0.05);葵花籽组显著(P0.05)提高了总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白含量,但对甘油三酯含量影响差异不显著(P0.05);胡麻籽组相比于对照组无影响(P0.05)。因此,日粮中添加葵花籽后促进了其脂肪沉积,而油菜籽和胡麻籽对脂肪代谢无影响。试验三:日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽对舍饲育肥绵羊皮下脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成的影响。试验结束后对试验羊进行屠宰,并从第12肋骨处采集皮下脂肪进行脂肪酸组成及含量的分析。试验结果表明:日粮中添加油菜籽、葵花籽和胡麻籽后,葵花籽组和胡麻籽组显著提高了育肥羊脂肪组织中多不饱和脂肪酸含量(P0.05),油菜籽组相比于对照组有一定的增加但差异不显著(P0.05),不饱和脂肪酸含量油菜籽组和葵花籽组显著高于对照组和胡麻籽组(P0.05),而试验组饱和脂肪酸含量均有不同程度的降低,差异显著(P0.05)。n-6多不饱和脂肪酸/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6/n-3)为胡麻籽组(4.49)油菜籽组(8.77)对照组(13.92)葵花籽组(17.40),组间差异极显著(P0.01),胡麻籽组对于改善n-6/n-3效果最好。因此,在本试验条件下,日粮添加油菜籽和葵花籽可以显著提高脂肪组织中不饱和脂肪酸的含量,胡麻籽对于改善多不饱和脂肪酸及n-3脂肪酸的含量效果最好。综上所述,本试验结果表明:在日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽(1)对育肥绵羊瘤胃发酵特征及生长性能没有显著影响。(2)增加了育肥绵羊脂肪组织中有益脂肪酸如n-3脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量,对改善育肥羊羊肉品质,提高育肥羊经济效益具有积极的指导作用。
[Abstract]:This study added with different fatty acids in the diet characteristics of oilseeds, namely rapeseed (52% C18:1), sunflower seeds (66% C18:2) and flax seed (55% C18:3), to study their effect on fattening sheep rumen fermentation characteristics, growth performance and fatty acid composition in experiment 40 only. The weight was 33.73 + 3.65kg, similar to the physiological state of hybrid RAM (Small Tail Han sheep * Mongolia sheep) were randomly divided into 4 groups, 10 rats in each group. Each group of sheep were fed with different fatty acids of oilseeds, the control group received the basal diet (excluding oilseeds), soybean meal and cottonseed meal to replace oilseeds, the experimental groups were fed basal diet + 10% basal diet + 10% rapeseed, sunflower seeds, dietary flaxseed diet +10%. Pre feeding period of 10 days, during the period of 35 days, all experimental animal free drinking water test period. Experiment 1: dietary fatty acids with different characteristics the seeds of To the production performance of sheep feeding, affect the slaughter performance and rumen fermentation characteristics. Feeding period were recorded on growth performance indexes of fattening sheep, feeding period after the end of all sheep slaughter, slaughter performance of rumen fluid collection and on the spot in order to post index determination of rumen fermentation. The results showed: Compared with the control group. The test group feed intake and weight gain were slightly decreased, but the difference was not significant (P0.05); the influence of different oil seeds on rumen pH significant difference (P0.01), the highest pH value of flax seed group, rapeseed group is the lowest; flax seed group ammonia nitrogen content of each treatment group in rumen fluid (P0.05) significantly higher than the other three groups. The difference between the other groups had no significant difference (P0.05); rumen bacterial protein content between the groups was not significant (P0.05). The study shows that under the conditions of this experiment, dietary fatty acids with different characteristics of oilseeds on fattening sheep born Long performance has no significant effect; and the ammonia nitrogen content in flax seed group the rumen pH value was significantly higher than that of rapeseed group and control group, but were in the normal range; experimental treatment had no significant effect on rumen microbial protein content showed that adding method has different characteristics of fatty acid composition as a function of regulation can oilseed sheep meat in fatty acids in the diet of sheep fattening. Experiment two: effect of adding fatty acids with different characteristics of Oilseeds on fattening sheep blood fat metabolism in the diet. In the end of the experiment for all sheep blood samples back to after the analysis of fat content using biochemical analyzer the blood metabolism index. The results showed that: compared with the control group, dietary supplementation of 10% rapeseed on blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein No effect of content (P0.05); sunflower seed group (P0.05) significantly increased the total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein content, but the difference was not significant effect on the content of triglyceride (P0.05); flax seed group compared to the control group had no effect (P0.05). Therefore, dietary supplementation of sunflower seeds to promote the deposition of fat, while rapeseed and flax seeds had no effect on fat metabolism. Experiment three: the effect of adding fatty acids with different characteristics of oilseed fatty acids of fattening sheep in subcutaneous adipose tissue composition of the diet. After the test of sheep slaughter test, and analyzed the contents and compositions of fatty acid from twelfth ribs collection of subcutaneous fat. The experimental results showed that the addition of rapeseed diets, sunflower seeds and flax seed, sunflower seed group and flax seed group significantly increased the sheep adipose tissue content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (P0.05), rapeseed Compared with the control group have increased but the difference was not significant (P0.05), the content of unsaturated fatty acid in rapeseed and sunflower seed group were significantly higher than those in control group and flax seed group (P0.05), and the test group decreased saturated fatty acid content in different degree, significant difference (P0.05) polyunsaturated fatty acids /n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.N-6 (n-6/n-3) for flax seed group (4.49) rapeseed group (8.77) and control group (13.92) sunflower seed group (17.40), the difference between the groups was significant (P0.01), flax seed group best to improve n-6/n-3 effect. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, dietary supplementation of rapeseed and sunflower seeds can significantly improve the fat content of unsaturated fatty acids, the best flaxseed for improving polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-3 fatty acid content. In summary, the results of the experiment show that in the diets with different fatty acids of oilseeds (1) on Education The rumen fermentation characteristics and growth performance of sheep fertilizer had no significant effect. (2) increasing good fats such as n-3 fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids, acid content of fattening sheep adipose tissue, to improve the quality of mutton sheep fattening sheep, improve economic benefits have a positive guiding role.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S826.5

【参考文献】