天然草地牧草裹包青贮工艺条件及质量调控技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 22:23

本文选题：天然草地牧草 + 裹包青贮　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国草原牧区在积极推进草原畜牧业的现代化转型升级工作。牧草青贮因具有营养保存率高、贮藏期长、家畜利用效率高等特点逐渐成为与干草同样重要的饲草加工贮藏方式。其中天然草地牧草拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料与窖池法比较,取用方便、利于运输、商品化程度高,是适合畜牧业现代化生产的饲草供给方式。经对国内外天然草地牧草青贮技术调研发现,目前国内外关于天然草地牧草裹包青贮工艺条件的研究较少,国内尚无规范的相关研究报道。为此,本论文以内蒙古呼伦贝尔鄂温克旗天然草地牧草为裹包青贮材料,探究天然草地牧草裹包青贮工艺条件及质量调控技术,以期为生产优质天然草地牧草裹包青贮饲料提供理论依据和技术基础。试验得出以下结论：1.天然草地牧草植物组成复杂,不同的植物组成牧草对混合草群的影响不同。本论文试验天然草地牧草混合草群中的优势种对混合草群青贮品质的影响力大小依次为：羊草猪毛蒿贝加尔针茅黄花苜蓿马蔺。2.天然草地牧草裹包青贮可以有效的抑制天然草地牧草中霉菌、酵母菌、好氧细菌以及大肠杆菌的生长,促进乳酸菌的生长繁殖；贮藏期10天时乳酸数量达7.65 log cfu/g的水平,之后乳酸菌数量增长缓慢。3.从天然草地牧草拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料中经鉴定分离出植物乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌、干酪乳杆菌、短乳杆菌、粪肠球菌以及屎肠球菌等6个菌种,其中数量最多的是植物乳杆菌。4.本试验通过天然草地裹包青贮工艺条件研究得出：所用的六种裹包膜中青贮效果最佳的是IPEX拉伸回缩膜,裹包层数为4层,最佳密度为300～350 kg/m3。5.通过添加剂的单因素试验来看1.5ml/kg甲酸添加量、,2ml/kg丙酸添加量、0.06g/kg乳酸菌剂、0.8g/kg纤维素酶和混合添加剂(1ml/kg甲酸+1ml/kg丙酸+0.02g/kg乳酸菌)的添加量与其他添加量比效果最好,但是经过综合考虑各个添加剂的试验结果和成本,2ml/kg丙酸添加量的裹包青贮饲料的效果最好同时成本也最低。
[Abstract]:Grassland pastoral areas in China are actively promoting the modernization transformation and upgrading of grassland animal husbandry. Forage silage has become the same important forage processing and storage method as hay because of its characteristics of high nutrient preservation rate, long storage period and high utilization efficiency of livestock. Compared with the cellar method, the natural grassland forage with stretch membrane inclusion silage is convenient to use, convenient for transportation, and highly commercialized. It is a suitable forage supply mode for the modern production of animal husbandry. Based on the investigation of natural grassland forage silage technology at home and abroad, it is found that there are few studies on the technological conditions of natural grassland forage inclusion silage at home and abroad, and there is no standard related research report in China. Therefore, in this paper, the natural grassland forage in Ewenki Banner of Hulunbeir, Inner Mongolia was used as the inclusion silage material to explore the technological conditions and quality control techniques of the natural grassland forage inclusion silage. In order to provide theoretical and technical basis for the production of high quality natural grassland forage inclusion silage. The experiment draws the following conclusion: 1. The composition of natural grassland forage plants is complex, and the effects of different plant composition on mixed grass groups are different. In this paper, the influence of dominant species on the silage quality of mixed grasses in natural grassland was as follows: Leymus chinensis, Artemisia chinensis, Stipa angalensis, Alfalfa Linn. 2. Natural grassland forage inclusion silage could effectively inhibit the growth of fungi, yeast, aerobic bacteria and Escherichia coli in natural grassland forage, and promote the growth and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria, and the amount of lactic acid reached 7.65 log cfu/g after 10 days of storage. After that, the number of lactic acid bacteria increased slowly. Six strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus brevis, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were isolated from herbage in natural grassland, including Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium. Through the study of the technological conditions of natural grassland envelop silage, it is concluded that the best ensilage effect of the six kinds of envelopes used is the drawing back film of IPEX, the number of inclusion layer is 4 layers, the optimum density is 300 ~ 350kg / m ~ (3.5) kg 路m ~ (3. 5). According to the single factor experiment of additive, the addition amount of 1.5ml/kg formic acid is 0.06g / kg propionic acid 0.06g / kg lactic acid bacteria agent 0.8g / kg cellulase and mixed additive 1 ml / kg formic acid 1ml/kg propionic acid 0.02g/kg lactic acid) has the best effect compared with other additives. But after considering the experimental results of each additive and the cost, the best and the lowest cost of the inclusion silage with 2 ml / kg propionic acid was obtained at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816.53

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