圆捆机液体添加装置的设计与试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 01:08

本文选题：圆捆打捆机 + 液体添加装置　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国水稻收获机械化的推广,水稻收获时稻秆还处于青绿状态,其各项指标适于作青贮饲料。目前,较先进的稻秆青贮收获工艺通常包括:水稻收获机收获水稻籽粒并铺放稻秆,向铺放的稻秆中人工喷洒青贮添加剂,利用打捆机将铺放在田间的稻秆打捆,稻秆捆包膜袋贮。这种稻秆青贮收获工艺有利于提高稻秆青贮品质。针对青贮稻秆适收期短及人工喷洒青贮添加剂不均匀等现状,本文设计出液体添加装置,并将其配装在国内稻秆收获广泛使用的打捆机上,实现在捡拾打捆同时将青贮添加剂均匀喷入稻秆捆中,减少青贮收获作业环节,提高稻秆捆中青贮添加剂的分布均匀度,从而获得优质的青贮饲料。本文利用喷雾试验台、圆捆机试验台对液体添加装置进行深入的试验研究,试验结果可为液体添加装置的设计及稻秆青贮收获工作参数的优化提供理论依据与技术支持。主要研究如下:(1)针对圆捆机设计液体添加装置,该装置主要由贮液箱、进液管、出液管、喷雾泵、喷嘴、直动式溢流阀、压力表等组成。利用Solidworks三维软件构建贮液箱、喷管及各零部件的三维模型,并对各零部件进行虚拟装配及干涉检查,为各零部件的加工及液体添加装置的设计提供参考。利用植保机械喷雾试验台,以变异系数作为雾滴分布均匀性评价指标,对液体添加装置进行雾滴分布均匀性试验研究,试验结果表明:选取的四因素对液体添加装置雾滴分布均匀性的影响顺序为:喷嘴角度喷雾压力喷幅重叠率喷嘴直径。随着喷幅重叠率和喷嘴直径的增加,变异系数呈增加的趋势;随着喷嘴角度的增加变异系数呈先减小后增加的趋势;随着喷雾压力的增加,变异系数逐渐降低。通过响应曲面分析法,建立了各试验因素与评价指标的响应曲面模型,确定了雾滴均匀分布的优化参数组合:得到当喷幅重叠率为42.23%;喷嘴直径为1.68mm;喷嘴角度为45°;喷雾压力为0.7MPa时,雾滴分布均匀性最好,变异系数为9.5%。(2)利用荷兰飞利浦公司生产的FEI Sirion扫描电子显微镜,对稻秆不同部位的叶鞘表面进行微观结构观察。电镜扫描结果表明:叶鞘从根部到梢部钩毛及球状凸起的单元结构间距逐渐增加,单元结构直径逐渐减小且差异显著。利用自制的液体添加装置与传送带为试验台,在固定喷量条件下,选取取样部位、喷嘴角度和喷嘴直径为试验因素,以单位叶鞘面积上生物染料丽春红S溶液(示踪剂)的沉积量为试验评价指标,进行三因素五水平正交旋转喷雾沉积试验。试验结果表明:选取的三因素对叶鞘表面雾滴沉积量的影响顺序为:叶鞘取样部位喷嘴角度喷嘴直径。取样部位越靠近根部、喷嘴角度越小、喷嘴直径越小有助于提高沉积量。为明确青贮添加剂在叶鞘表面上的沉积及流失规律提供理论依据。(3)利用配置液体添加装置的圆捆机试验台,模拟田间进行稻秆青贮收获试验研究,以喷雾压力、喷嘴角度和草捆干物质量为试验因素,稻秆捆中生物染料丽春红S溶液(示踪剂)的分布均匀度为试验评价指标,进行三因素三水平正交试验。试验结果表明:在试验范围内,各因素对稻秆捆中示踪剂分布均匀度的影响顺序为:草捆干物质量喷雾压力喷嘴角度。均匀度随着草捆干物质量增加呈先下降后上升的趋势,随着喷雾压力的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势,随着喷雾角度的增加呈先上升后缓慢下降的趋势。由极差分析得到最优组合为A1 B3 C1,即当草捆干物质量为12kg;喷雾压力为1.2MPa;喷嘴角度为-30°时,变异系数为15.6%。为稻秆青贮收获工作参数的确定及液体添加装置的优化提供支持。
[Abstract]:With the popularization of rice harvesting mechanization in China, rice straw is still in green state when rice harvest is still in green state, and its various indexes are suitable for silage. At present, the advanced technology of harvesting rice straw is usually included: rice harvester harvest rice grain and lay rice stalk, spraying silage additive to the planted rice stalk, and use the baling machine to spread the rice straw. In order to improve the quality of the rice stalk silage, the rice straw silage harvesting technology is beneficial to the quality of the rice stalk silage. In this paper, the liquid adding device is designed and installed on the baling machine which is widely used in the domestic rice straw. At the same time, the silage additives were evenly sprayed into the rice straw bales, the silage harvesting operation was reduced, the distribution uniformity of the green storage additives in the straw bales was improved, and the quality of the silage was obtained. The design of the body adding device and the optimization of the parameters of the rice straw silage harvesting provide the theoretical basis and technical support. The main research is as follows: (1) the liquid adding device for the baling machine is designed. The device is mainly composed of the liquid storage tank, the inlet pipe, the outlet pipe, the spray pump, the nozzle, the direct actuated overflow valve, the pressure meter and so on. The three-dimensional model of the liquid storage tank, nozzle and various parts, and the virtual assembly and interference check of each component, can be used as a reference for the processing of various parts and the design of the liquid adding device. The experimental results show that the influence sequence of the four factors on the droplet distribution uniformity of the liquid adding device is: the nozzle angle spray pressure spray nozzle diameter. With the increase of the nozzle overlap and the nozzle diameter, the variation coefficient tends to increase, and the coefficient of variation decreases with the increase of the nozzle angle. With the increase of the spray pressure, the coefficient of variation gradually decreases with the increase of spray pressure. By response surface analysis, the response surface model of each test factor and evaluation index is established, and the optimal parameter combination of the uniform distribution of the droplets is determined: the spray nozzle overlap ratio is 42.23%, the nozzle diameter is 1.68mm, the nozzle angle is 45 degrees, and the spray pressure is the spray pressure. In the case of 0.7MPa, the uniformity of droplet distribution was best, the coefficient of variation was 9.5%. (2), using FEI Sirion scanning electron microscope produced by Holland PHILPS company to observe the microstructure of the surface of the leaf sheath in different parts of the rice straw. The diameter of the unit structure is gradually reduced and the difference is significant. Using the self-made liquid adding device and the conveyor belt as the test platform, the sample location, the nozzle angle and the nozzle diameter are selected under the fixed injection conditions, and the amount of the S solution (tracer) of the biological dye of the unit leaf sheath area is three. The experimental results show that the influence sequence of the selected three factors on the droplet deposition on the surface of the leaf sheath is the diameter of the nozzle angle nozzle in the leaf sheath. The closer the sampling site is to the root, the smaller the nozzle angle is, the smaller the nozzle diameter is, the smaller the nozzle diameter will help to increase the amount of deposition, and to make clear the silage additive in the leaf sheath. The regularity of deposition and loss on the surface provides a theoretical basis. (3) the experiment of a round baling machine with a liquid adding device is used to simulate the experiment of rice straw silage harvesting in the field. The distribution uniformity of the S solution (tracer) of the biological dye in the rice stalk bales is the test factor of the spray pressure, the nozzle angle and the dry matter quality of the bales. Three factors and three horizontal orthogonal experiments were carried out. The results showed that in the range of test, the order of the influence of each factor to the distribution uniformity of the tracer in the rice straw bales was the angle of the spray pressure nozzle of the dry matter mass, and the uniformity of the dry matter with the increase of the dry matter quality first descended and then increased with the increase of the spray pressure. The trend of first descending and then rising, as the spray angle increases first and then slows down, the optimal combination is A1 B3 C1, that is, when the dry mass of the bales is 12kg, the spray pressure is 1.2MPa, and the nozzle angle is -30 degrees, the variation coefficient is 15.6%. for the determination of the working parameters of the rice straw silage and the liquid adding device. The optimization provides support.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S817.1

【参考文献】