“玉米田养鹅”农田生态系统下的土壤温度影响机制

发布时间：2018-04-27 00:34

本文选题：生态系统 + 农牧一体化　；参考：《中国农业大学学报》2017年09期

【摘要】：为了解农牧一体化下"玉米田养鹅"生产模式的土壤温度影响机制,通过对比试验方法进行田间试验,结果表明:玉米田养鹅处理杂草群落平均密度为171.33株/m~2,是对照密度(11.11株/m~2)的15.42倍,处理间差异极显著(P0.01;n=9),该处理下杂草Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.76,Simpson多样性指数为0.77,均高于对照;玉米田养鹅处理的地上生物量为386.30g/m~2,是对照(5.67g/m~2)的68.13倍,处理间差异极显著(P0.01;n=9),同时玉米田养鹅处理的盖度为90.56%,是对照(7.22%)的12.54倍,处理间差异极显著(P0.01;n=9)。在白天土壤温度的变化过程中,玉米田养鹅处理较高的地上生物量和丰富的地表植被使得田间地下生物生理代谢活动旺盛,土壤呼吸作用增强,土壤CO2呼吸通量增加,高达308.64 mg/(m~2·h),显著高于对照的234.90mg/(m~2·h)(P0.05;n=9)。因此,在试验期间白天光照不足,地表接受光照辐射有限的情况下,生物代谢活动产生的热量是影响土壤温度的主导因素,白天的土壤温度高于对照。在夜间土壤温度的变化中,玉米田养鹅处理5~15cm的土壤含水量为16.14%,显著高于对照1.27%(P0.05;n=9),水的良好导热能力促进了土壤的散热,使得玉米田养鹅处理表层土壤夜间散热较快,以致夜间该处理下的土壤温度低于对照。因此,在"玉米田养鹅"模式生产过程的前期,生物代谢活动和土壤含水量是影响土壤温度变化的主要因素。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the influence mechanism of soil temperature on the production pattern of "corn field and goose" under the integration of agriculture and animal husbandry, the field experiment was carried out by contrast test method. The results showed that the average density of weed community was 171.33 plants / m ~ (2) in maize field, 15.42 times of that of the control (11.11 / m ~ (2), and the difference between treatments was very significant (P 0.01). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of weed under this treatment was 1.76% and 0.77, respectively, which was higher than that of the control. The aboveground biomass of the treatment was 386.30g / mm2, which was 68.13 times of that of the control (5.67g / mm2), and the difference between the treatments was very significant (P 0.01n ~ (9), and the coverage of the geese in corn field was 90.56g / m ~ (2), which was 12.54 times of that of the control (~ 7.22g), and the difference between the treatments was extremely significant (P _ (0.01) n ~ (9). During the daytime soil temperature variation, the higher aboveground biomass and abundant surface vegetation in maize field resulted in the exuberant activities of underground biophysiological metabolism, the enhancement of soil respiration, and the increase of soil CO2 respiration flux. As high as 308.64 mg/(m~2, it was significantly higher than that of the control 234.90mg/(m~2 (P0. 05). Therefore, under the condition of insufficient light during the day and limited exposure to light on the surface during the experiment period, the heat produced by biological metabolic activities is the dominant factor affecting soil temperature, and the soil temperature during the day is higher than that of the control. In the change of soil temperature at night, the soil water content of 5~15cm in maize field was 16.14, which was significantly higher than that of control 1.27, P0.05 and 9%. The good thermal conductivity of water promoted the heat dissipation of soil, which made the surface soil heat dissipate faster at night. The temperature of the soil under the treatment at night was lower than that of the control. Therefore, in the early stage of the production process of "maize field and geese" model, biological metabolism and soil water content are the main factors affecting the soil temperature change.
【作者单位】：西藏农牧学院高原生态研究所;"农牧一体化"农业生态试验站(林芝);西藏农牧学院植物科学学院;北京林业大学林学院;
【基金】：国家自然基金资助项目(31660552,41464054) 西藏科技厅项目“林芝地区庭院农业资源利用与蕨麻产品开发” 西藏大学农牧学院青年拔尖人才支持计划资助项目(2015D0601)
【分类号】：S152.8;S513;S835

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