能量摄入量对育成期北京鸭种鸭生长性能及繁殖系统发育的影响

发布时间：2018-05-30 00:34

本文选题：北京鸭 + 能量摄入量　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：北京鸭产蛋性能一直是蛋鸭及种鸭产业所关注的焦点问题,动物的机体的能量动态平衡能够显著影响繁殖性能,但能量对动物繁殖性状的影响机理尚不明确,对于其他动物的研究表明,除了直接为生殖系统供能以外,能量摄入量变化所导致的脂质代谢平衡改变会引起机体内分泌的变化,进而引起生殖机能的改变。目前关于北京鸭相关方面研究较少,本实验以北京鸭为研究对象,测定不同能量摄入量个体脂肪代谢及性发育和繁殖性能,分析能量摄入量对育成期北京鸭卵巢发育及繁殖性能的影响,试验选取8周龄、平均体重为2931±291 g的雌性北京鸭240只进行试验,随机分为5个组,每组48只,单笼饲养。试验日粮的5个能量水平依次为3000 kcal/kg、2850 kcal/kg、2700 kcal/kg、2550 kcal/kg和2400 kcal/kg。通过控制鸭采食量,使不同日粮能量组试验鸭的平均日能量摄入水平分别控制在1.63 MJ/d、1.73MJ/d、1.84 MJ/d、1.94 MJ/d和2.05 MJ/d。每间隔4周(分别为12、16、20和24周龄)从每个重复中随机选取1只试验鸭进行屠宰试验,分别观测其卵巢组织形态、血液生化指标及雌激素(E2)的含量、卵巢中相关激素受体的m RNA转录水平。观察各组北京鸭的生产情况;记录25-35周龄产蛋情况;血浆中雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡素(FSH)和促黄体素(LH)含量的变化;血液脂肪代谢相关生化指标;卵巢、肝脏和子宫腺组织学上的变化;卵巢m RNA转录表达水平。并通过结果计算出育成期北京鸭能量需要量。试验结果表明:经16周的饲养试验,高能量摄入量组的体重显著高于低能量组(p0.05),同时,显著降低料肉比(p0.05);皮脂率、腹脂率均随着能量摄入量的增加而显著升高(p0.05);较高能量组的卵巢指数显著高于其它组且卵泡发育较成熟,其中2700 kcal/kg组卵巢发育程度最高;2700 kcal/kg组的产蛋率最高,试验末期达到100%。根据生产性能差异,为了进一步探究能量对生殖轴的影响,试验用放射免疫法测定试验鸭血浆中E2、FSH和LH含量并观察卵巢及输卵管组织变化,结果表明:经过不同能量梯度饲粮差异饲养后,高能量摄入量组试验鸭血浆FSH浓度显著高于低能量摄入量组(p0.05),且在16周龄时达到峰值;高能量摄入量组试验鸭血浆E2浓度显著高于低能量摄入量组(p0.05),且在20周龄时达到峰值;试验鸭血浆中LH浓度在20周龄时达到峰值,较高的能量摄入量会提高LH浓度,其中2700 kcal/kg组浓度显著高于其他能量组(p0.05);卵巢组织结构在12周龄后开始出现比较显著的差异,高能量摄入量提高成熟卵泡数量和成熟卵泡尺寸,而同一时期各能量组输卵管组织结构差异不明显。在已知宏观脂肪沉积存在差异的基础上测定脂肪代谢相关血液生化指标并观察肝脏组织变化,结果发现血浆总蛋白、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白含量三个指标随着能量摄入量的改变出现显著或极显著差异,其余所测定指标均未出现显著差异(p0.05)。其中,血浆总蛋白含量随能量升高而下降,除了在20周龄时出现极显著差异(p0.001)外,其余各时期均为显著差异(p0.05);血浆甘油三酯含量度随着能量升高而上升,除了16周龄时为显著差异外(p0.05),其余时期均为极显著差异(p0.001);血液低密度脂蛋白浓度随着能量升高而上升,血液低密度脂蛋白含量在所有检测时间点均出现显著差异(p0.05);高能量摄入量试验组北京鸭肝脏组织在20周龄时出现大量脂肪空泡,24周龄时出现大面积细胞坏死。为了探究能量摄入量影响繁殖性能及脂肪代谢的分子机理,试验对3000 kcal/kg和2400kcal/kg组卵巢组织进行转录组学差异表达分析,共得到458个差异表达的基因,其中316个上调基因,142个下调基因。在所有差异基因中共有221个极显著(p0.01)差异表达基因和237个显著(0.01p0.05)差异基因,经RT-PCR验证后与转录组结果相符。通过折线模型对数据进行分析得到针对料肉比、腹脂率、血浆总蛋白含量、卵巢指数及蛋重的需要量分别为2979 kcal/kg、2823 kcal/kg、2760 kcal/kg、2700 kcal/kg和2700 kcal/kg。(能量需要量计算数据均以试验末期数据为准)以上试验结果表明,能量通过影响脂肪代谢及相关基因表达来间接调控卵巢组织的发育水平。针对繁殖性状的最佳能量需要量为2700 kcal/kg。
[Abstract]:The egg laying performance of Beijing ducks has always been the focus of egg ducks and duck industries. The dynamic balance of energy in the animal body can significantly affect the reproductive performance. However, the mechanism of the influence of energy on the reproductive traits of animals is not clear. The changes in the balance of lipid metabolism will cause the changes in the body's endocrine and cause the change of the reproductive function. At present, there are few studies on the related aspects of Beijing duck. This experiment took Beijing duck as the research object, and measured the fat metabolism and sexual development and propagation properties of the individuals of different energy intake, and analyzed the energy intake to Beijing ducks during the breeding period. The effects of ovarian development and reproductive performance were tested at 8 weeks old and 240 female Beijing ducks with an average weight of 2931 + 291 G. They were randomly divided into 5 groups, 48 in each group, and fed by single cage. The 5 energy levels of the experimental diet were 3000 kcal/kg, 2850 kcal/kg, 2700 kcal/ kg, 2550 kcal/kg and 2400 kcal/kg. by controlling the feed intake, The average daily energy intake of ducks in different diets was controlled at 1.63 MJ/d, 1.73MJ/d, 1.84 MJ/d, 1.94 MJ/d and 2.05 MJ/d. for 4 weeks (12,16,20 and 24 weeks of age), 1 ducks were randomly selected from each repeat to perform slaughter tests, and the ovarian tissue morphology, blood biochemical indexes and estrogen were measured respectively. E2) content, the m RNA transcriptional level of the corticosteroid receptor in the ovary. Observe the production of Beijing ducks in each group; record the egg production at 25-35 weeks of age; the changes in plasma estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH); blood lipid metabolism related biochemical indexes; ovarian, liver and uterine gland histological changes; ovarian m RNA. The test results showed that the weight of high energy intake group was significantly higher than that of low energy group (P0.05), and the ratio of meat and meat (P0.05), sebum rate and abdominal fat rate increased significantly (P0.05) with the increase of energy intake (P0.05) after 16 weeks of feeding test. The ovarian index of the energy group was significantly higher than that of the other groups and the follicle developed more mature, and the 2700 kcal/kg group had the highest ovarian development degree; the egg production rate of the 2700 kcal/kg group was the highest, and the end of the test reached 100%. according to the difference of production performance. In order to further explore the effect of energy on the reproductive axis, the test of E2, F in the test duck plasma was tested by radioimmunoassay. The content of SH and LH and the changes of ovarian and fallopian tube tissue were observed. The results showed that the FSH concentration in the high energy intake group was significantly higher than that of the low energy intake group (P0.05) after the different energy gradient feeding differences, and the peak value was reached at the age of 16 weeks. The E2 concentration in the high energy intake group was significantly higher than that of the low energy intake. The volume group (P0.05) reached the peak at the age of 20 weeks; the concentration of LH in the test duck plasma reached its peak at the age of 20 weeks, and the higher energy intake would increase the LH concentration, and the concentration of 2700 kcal/kg group was significantly higher than that of the other energy groups (P0.05); the ovarian tissue structure began to appear more significant after 12 weeks of age, and the high energy intake increased maturity. The number of follicles and the size of mature follicles, but the differences in the tissue structure of the oviduct in the energy groups at the same time were not obvious. On the basis of the known difference in the presence of macro fat deposition, the blood biochemical indexes related to fat metabolism were measured and the changes of liver tissue were observed. The results showed that the total plasma protein, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein were three indexes. There was no significant difference with the change of energy intake, and there was no significant difference between the remaining indexes (P0.05). The total plasma protein content decreased with the increase of energy. Except for the extremely significant difference (p0.001) at the age of 20 weeks (P0.05), the content of triglyceride in plasma was associated with the ability to increase the content of plasma triglycerides. The amount of blood low density lipoprotein (LDL) increased with the increase of energy, and the blood low density lipoprotein content was significantly different at all time points (P0.05), and the liver tissue of Beijing duck in high energy intake test group was 20 (P0.05), and the liver tissue of Beijing duck in high energy intake test group was 20. A large number of fat vacuoles appeared at the age of 24 weeks and large area cell necrosis occurred at the age of 24 weeks. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the influence of energy intake on reproductive performance and fat metabolism, a total of 458 differentially expressed genes were obtained in the 3000 kcal/kg and 2400kcal/kg groups, including 316 genes, 1 of which were up to 1. There were 42 down regulated genes. There were 221 very significant (P0.01) differentially expressed genes and 237 significant (0.01p0.05) differentially expressed genes in all the different genes, which were consistent with the results of the transcriptional group. The data were analyzed by the folding model. The ratio of meat to meat, the rate of abdominal fat, the total protein content of plasma, the index of ovarian index and the weight of egg were obtained. The experimental results of 2979 kcal/kg, 2823 kcal/kg, 2760 kcal/kg, 2700 kcal/kg and 2700 kcal/kg. (energy requirements calculated by the end of test data) showed that energy was indirectly regulated by the influence of lipid metabolism and related gene expression. The optimal energy requirement for reproductive traits was 270. 0 kcal/kg.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S834.81

【参考文献】