施肥对藏北高寒草地植物多样性及生产力的影响

发布时间：2018-06-09 03:24

  本文选题：施肥 + 植物多样性　； 参考：《西北农业学报》2016年11期

【摘要】：以藏北高寒草地为研究对象,探讨不同施肥模式对高寒草地植物物种组成、物种多样性及生产力的影响。结果表明,与不施肥处理相比,施肥处理的草地地上生物量提高幅度为23.6%~199%,其中施氮磷肥(NP)和施氮磷有机肥(ONP)的地上生物量较高,分别是不施肥(CK)的2.99倍和2.11倍,而单施有机肥(O)虽然能够提高草地生产力,但与CK相比无显著差异。高寒草地施肥由于限制了一部分罕见杂类草物种的生长而降低了高寒草地的物种丰富度。与CK相比,施氮磷有机肥(ONP)与单施有机肥(O)的物种数分别降低6.9%和10.3%(P0.05),而施氮磷肥(NP)的物种数则降低了20.7%(P0.05)。施肥后草地植物群落的Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数均有降低趋势。其中施有机肥(O)与施氮磷有机肥(ONP)处理的Shannon-Wiener指数与CK相比并无显著差异,而施氮磷肥(NP)处理的Shannon-Wiener指数与CK相比则降低10.5%(P0.05)。综合分析,施氮磷有机肥(ONP)的方式不仅显著提高高寒草地的植物生产力,而且没有引起植物多样性的显著变化,为供试条件下实现藏北草地恢复的最佳途径。
[Abstract]:The effects of different fertilization patterns on species composition, species diversity and productivity of alpine grassland in northern Tibet were studied. The results showed that the aboveground biomass of fertilized grassland was 23.699 and 2.11 times higher than that of no fertilizer application, respectively. The aboveground biomass of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (NPN) and nitrogen and phosphorus organic fertilizer (ONPP) were 2.99 and 2.11 times higher than that of no fertilizer application, respectively. However, organic fertilizer application alone could improve grassland productivity, but there was no significant difference compared with CK. Fertilization on alpine grassland reduces the species richness of alpine grassland because of limiting the growth of some rare hybrid species. Compared with CK, the number of plant species decreased by 6.9% and 10.3%, respectively, and the number of species of N and P fertilizer (NPN) decreased by 20.7% and 10.3%, respectively, compared with that of CK. The Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index of grassland plant community decreased after fertilization. There was no significant difference in Shannon-Wiener index between the treatments of organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer (N and P) and CK, but the Shannon-Wiener index of treatment treated with NPN was lower than that of CK. Comprehensive analysis showed that the application of nitrogen and phosphorus organic fertilizer (ONPN) not only significantly improved the plant productivity of alpine grassland, but also did not cause significant changes in plant diversity, which was the best way to realize the restoration of grassland in northern Tibet under the condition of trial.
【作者单位】： 北京市园林科学研究院园林绿地生态功能评价与调控技术北京市重点实验室;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业部农业环境与气候变化重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC01B02) 国家自然科学基金(31170460,31470705) 西藏那曲地区与中国农业科学院合作资助项目~~
【分类号】：S812.4
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本文编号：1998642