利用灵山鸡培育江汉鸡新品系的效果分析

发布时间：2018-06-09 15:42

本文选题：江汉公鸡 + 灵山母鸡　；参考：《长江大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：九十年代以来,随着消费者对优质禽肉蛋产品需求的增加,江汉平原地区的柴鸡养殖发展迅速。在快速发展的同时,也导致了当地江汉鸡品种的退化、不规范、产品质量参差不齐、市场销售混乱等严重问题。针对当前存在的问题,以及江汉鸡本身长势慢、体形小、性成熟晚等特点,本研究选择冠基厚实、能高飞的江汉鸡作父本,选择体躯浑圆、性早熟的灵山鸡作母本,进行杂交,挑选出羽色性状与江汉鸡相似的杂交母鸡同江汉公鸡进行四次回交,然后闭锁选育形成江汉鸡新品系,结果表明:(1)江汉公鸡与灵山母鸡杂交效果。利用灵山母鸡与江汉鸡进行杂交,黄色雏鸡表现为江汉鸡特征,黑灰色雏鸡表现为灵山鸡特征。杂交鸡体斜长遗传了江汉鸡的特征,盆骨宽、遗传了灵山鸡的特征。交鸡公鸡的屠体率、腿肌率略高于母鸡。杂交鸡公鸡的屠体率、比江汉鸡公鸡高。杂交鸡蛋蛋形指数比江汉鸡好,蛋黄保留了江汉鸡的特性。蛋壳的颜色基本为褐色。(2)江汉鸡与灵山鸡杂交后代效果。四次回交结果如下:第一次回交实验结果表明,雏鸡为泥黄色和黑灰色。黄色成年后羽毛为江汉鸡特征,黑色成年后表现为灵山鸡特征。母鸡平均蛋重46,24克,平均蛋形指数1.32,少数白色。公鸡平均性成熟期87天。平均种蛋受精率91.82%,公鸡半净膛屠宰率76.6%,全净膛屠宰率68.6%,母鸡67.4%。第一次回交鸡体重增长有3个高峰期和3个低谷期,8周龄后相对生长十分缓慢。第一次回交鸡的蛋重比江汉鸡高。鸡蛋蛋形指数相近,蛋壳厚度略高于江汉鸡,与杂交鸡相近,蛋壳的颜色基本为褐色。从实验结果可以看出,利用灵山母鸡与杂交鸡进行杂交,黄鸡成年后表现为江汉鸡特征,黑鸡成年后表现为灵山鸡特征。胫围发育遗传了灵山鸡,胫长发育遗传了江汉鸡。第一次回交鸡公鸡的屠体率、高于母鸡。第一次回交鸡公鸡的屠体率比江汉鸡公鸡高,母鸡的屠体率比江汉鸡母鸡低。鸡的蛋壳厚度略高于江汉鸡,蛋黄保留了江汉鸡的特性。第二次回交实验结果表明,雏鸡泥黄色和黑灰色,黄色比黑色多。泥黄鸡羽毛表现为江汉鸡特征,胫黄色。第二次回交鸡体斜长、胸围发育时间与第一次回交鸡基本相同,成熟较晚的特性得到表现。第二次回交鸡体重发育有三个高峰期,18周龄后相对生长十分缓慢。第二次回交鸡体重增长情况基本不变。第二次回交鸡的蛋重比江汉鸡高,蛋形指数比江汉鸡好,蛋壳厚度略高于江汉鸡,蛋黄保留了江汉鸡的特性。从实验结果可以看出,利用灵山母鸡与第一次回交杂鸡进行杂交,泥黄色鸡羽毛为江汉鸡特征,黑灰色鸡羽毛表现为灵山鸡特征。第二次回交鸡体重增长与第一次基本相同。胫长发育遗传了江汉鸡的特征,第二次回交鸡公鸡的屠体率比第一次回略低,母鸡比第一次略高。第二次回交鸡蛋的蛋壳厚度略高于江汉鸡,蛋黄保留了江汉鸡的特性。第三次回交实验结果表明,雏鸡成年后羽毛表现为江汉鸡特征,胫黄或青色。27周龄公鸡半净膛屠宰率76.4%,全净膛屠宰率68.4%。第三次回交鸡第14周龄时体斜长、龙骨长,14~19周发育趋缓,胫长20周龄后停止发育。胸围19~23周龄处于缓慢的发育状态,24周龄以后处于停止发育状态。盆骨宽18~24周龄处于缓慢的发育状态,25周龄以后处于停止发育状态。胫围16周龄基本停止发育。第三次回交鸡体重增长有3个高峰期和3个低谷期,18周龄后相对生长十分缓慢,27周龄时基本停止生长。第三次回交鸡的蛋重比江汉鸡(44g)、杂交鸡(45.30g)第一次回交鸡(46.24g)和第二次回交鸡(46.58)高。第三次回交鸡蛋蛋形指数比江汉鸡好与杂交鸡、第一次回交鸡、第二次回交鸡相近,第三次回交鸡蛋的蛋壳厚度略高于江汉鸡的蛋壳厚度,与杂交鸡和第一次回交鸡、第二次回交鸡相近,蛋黄保留了江汉鸡的特性。蛋壳的颜色基本为褐色。从实验结果可以看出,利用灵山母鸡与第二次回交杂鸡进行杂交,雏鸡成年后羽毛表现为江汉鸡特征,黑灰色雏鸡成年后羽毛表现为灵山鸡特征。第三次回交鸡体斜长发育时间比杂交鸡推迟一周与第一次回交鸡相同,比第二次回交鸡发育提前。龙骨长、胸围发育时间与第一次回交鸡和第二次回交鸡基本相同,表明了江汉鸡的特性通过第三次回交得到了较好表现。第三次回交鸡公鸡的屠体率、半净膛率、全净膛率与第一次回交鸡公鸡相近比第二次回交鸡公鸡略低,母鸡的屠体率、半净膛率、全净膛率与第一次回交鸡母鸡相近比第二次回交鸡母鸡略低。三次回交鸡蛋蛋形指数比江汉鸡好与杂交鸡、第一次回交鸡、第二次回交鸡相近,第三次回交鸡蛋的蛋壳厚度略高于江汉鸡的蛋壳厚度,与杂交鸡和第一次回交鸡、第二次回交鸡相近,蛋黄保留了江汉鸡的特性。蛋壳的颜色基本为褐色。第四次回交实验结果表明,雏鸡羽毛颜色分为泥黄色和黑灰色,黑灰色雏鸡成年后羽毛表现为灵山鸡特征。27周龄公鸡半净膛屠宰率76.5%,全净膛屠宰率68.5%。第四次回交鸡体重增长有三个高峰三个低谷,18周龄后相对生长十分缓慢。第四次回交鸡体重增长与之前基本相同,蛋重比江汉鸡、杂交鸡高。蛋形指数比江汉鸡好与杂交鸡、与之前杂交相近,蛋壳厚度略高于江汉鸡,蛋黄保留了江汉鸡的特性。从实验结果可以看出,利用灵山母鸡与第三次回交杂鸡进行杂交,黄色鸡羽毛表现为江汉鸡特征,第四次回交鸡发育时间推迟,比第二次回交鸡发育提前,龙骨长、胸围发育时间基本不变,江汉鸡的特性仍然得到了较好表现,发育特征稳定遗传了灵山鸡的特征。第四次回交鸡体重增长基本稳定,蛋重比江汉鸡、杂交鸡等都高,蛋形指数比江汉鸡好,蛋壳厚度略高于江汉鸡的蛋壳厚度,蛋黄保留了江汉鸡的特性。(3)江汉鸡新品系的自繁效果。江汉鸡新品系各项性能均比江汉鸡提高,江汉鸡新品系的外貌特征与江汉鸡相似,不同点为胫比江汉鸡细。母鸡平均开产日龄152天比江汉鸡(238天)提前86天。66周龄产蛋192枚比江汉鸡(153枚)多产蛋39枚,平均蛋重47.84克比江汉鸡(44克)重3.84克。平均蛋形指数1.32比江汉鸡(1.28)好,蛋壳褐色,少数白色。公鸡平均性成熟期86天比江汉公鸡(92天)提前6天。公母鸡配种比例1:10.平均种蛋受精率92.86%比江汉鸡(81.32)高9.54%,平均受精蛋孵化率93.54%比江汉鸡(86.30%)高7.24%。平均初生体重34.5克;4周龄160.2克;8周龄378.4克,13周龄823.5克,17周龄1321.2克,21周龄1521.3克,26周龄1622.6克;27周龄公鸡平均半净膛屠宰率76.7%,母鸡75.8%;27周龄公鸡平均全净膛屠宰率68.7%,母鸡67.7%。养殖上采用林草间套养生态养殖技术,新型玻璃钢材质保温鸡舍养殖技术,养鸡成本大减、养殖效益剧增。
[Abstract]:Since the 90s, with the increase of consumers' demand for high-quality poultry and egg products, the breeding of Chai in Jianghan Plain has developed rapidly. At the same time, the rapid development has led to the deterioration of the local chicken breeds, irregular, uneven product quality, and the confusion of market and sales. The chicken itself has the characteristics of slow growth, small body shape and late sexual maturity. In this study, this study chose the crown base and high flying Jianghan chicken as the father, choose the body with a round and precocious Lingshan chicken as the mother and cross, and select the feather color character of the hybrid hen similar to Jianghan chicken for four backcross, and then to form a new Jianghan chicken. The results showed that: (1) the crossbreeding effect of Jianghan cock and Lingshan hen. Using Lingshan hen and Jianghan chicken, the yellow chicks were characterized by Jianghan chicken, and the black and gray chicks were characterized by Lingshan chicken. The characteristics of the Jianghan chicken were inherited by the hybrid chicken body, the pelvic bone was wide, and the characteristics of the chicks were inherited. The slaughterhouse rate and leg muscles of chicken cocks were made. The rate slightly higher than the hen. The slaughter rate of the hybrid chicken is higher than the Jianghan chicken. The egg shape index of the hybrid egg is better than the Jianghan chicken. The egg yolk keeps the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken. The color of the egg shell is basically brown. (2) the results of the cross offspring of Jianghan chicken and Lingshan chicken. The results of the four backcross results are as follows: the results of the first backcross experiment showed that the chicks were yellow yellow and the yellow chicks were yellowish and yellow. The Yellow adult feathers are characteristic of the Jianghan chicken, and the black adult is characterized by Lingshan chicken. The average egg weight of the hen is 46,24 grams, the average egg shape index is 1.32, the average mature period of the rooster is 87 days. The average seed egg fertilization rate is 91.82%, the rooster's half clean slaughter rate is 76.6%, the full chamber slaughtering rate is 68.6%, the hen's 67.4%. first backcross chicken body The heavy growth has 3 peak periods and 3 trough periods, and the relative growth is very slow after 8 weeks of age. The egg weight of the first backcross chicken is higher than the Jianghan chicken. The egg egg shape index is similar, the eggshell thickness is slightly higher than that of the Jianghan chicken, and the color of the eggshell is basically brown. The yellow chicken was characterized by Jianghan chicken after adult. The black chicken was characterized by Lingshan chicken after adult. Lingshan chicken was inherited from the tibia circumference. The growth rate of the tibia length was inherited. The slaughterhouse rate of the first backcross Chicken Rooster was higher than that of the hen. The slaughter rate of the first backcross Chicken Rooster was higher than the Jianghan chicken. The slaughterhouse rate of the hens was lower than the Jianghan hen. The thickness of the shell was slightly higher than the Jianghan chicken, and the yolk retained the characteristics of Jianghan chicken. The results of the second backcross experiments showed that the chicken was yellow and black, and the yellow was more than black. The feather of the yellowish chicken was characterized by the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken, shin yellow, the second backcross chicken body was long, the development time of the chest was basically the same as that of the first backcross chicken. The body weight development of the second backcross chickens has three peak periods, and the relative growth is very slow after 18 weeks of age. The weight growth of the second backcross chickens is basically unchanged. The egg weight of the second backcross chickens is higher than the Jianghan chicken. The egg shape index is better than the Jianghan chicken. The eggshell thickness is slightly higher than the Jianghan chicken. The egg yolk preserves the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken. The experimental results can be obtained. It is found that the Lingshan hen has been hybridized with the first backcross fowl, and the yellow chicken feathers are characteristic of Jianghan chicken, and the black gray chicken feathers are characterized by Lingshan chicken. The weight growth of the second backcross chickens is basically the same as the first time. The growth of the tibia length has inherited the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken, and the slaughter rate of the second backcross chicken roosters is slightly lower than the first time. The hens were slightly higher than the first time. The eggshell thickness of the second backcross eggs was slightly higher than the Jianghan chicken. The yolk retained the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken. The results of the third backcross experiments showed that the feathers of the chicks were characteristic of the Jianghan chicken, the half clean slaughtering rate of the tibia yellow or green.27 week old cocks was 76.4%, and the full chamber butcher rate was 68.4%. third times for the chickens for fourteenth weeks. The age of the body is long, the keel is long, the growth of the 14~19 week is slow and the tibia grows after 20 weeks of age. The chest circumference is in a slow development state at the age of 19~23 weeks, and after 24 weeks of age it is in a state of stop development. The pelvic bone is in a slow development state at the age of 18~24 weeks, and after the age of 25 weeks, the development of the tibia circumference is basically stopped at the age of 16 weeks. Third times of backcross chicken are found. The growth of body weight has 3 peak periods and 3 trough periods, and the relative growth is very slow after 18 weeks of age, and the growth is basically stopped at the age of 27. The egg weight of the third backcross chicken is higher than the Jianghan chicken (44g), the first backcross chicken (46.24g) and the second backcross chicken (46.58). The egg shape index of the third backcross egg is better than the Jianghan chicken and the hybrid chicken, first. The second times backcross chicken was similar. The thickness of egg shell of third backcross eggs was slightly higher than that of Jianghan chicken. It was similar to the hybrid chicken and the first backcross chicken and second backcross chickens. The yolk retained the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken. The color of the eggshell was basically brown. It can be seen from the experimental results that the Lingshan hen and second backcross were used. The chicken feathers are characterized by Jianghan chicken, and the feathers of the black and gray chicks are characterized by Lingshan chicken. The growth time of the third backcross chicken bodies is the same as that of the first backcross chickens. The length of the keel, the development time of the chest circumference and the first backcross chicken and the first time, are the same as those of the first backcross chickens. The two backcross chickens were basically the same, indicating that the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken were better by the third backcross. The slaughterhouse rate, the half net chamber rate, the full chamber rate of the third backcross chicken and the first backcross Chicken Rooster were slightly lower than the second backcross chicken, the slaughter rate, the half net chamber rate, the full chamber rate and the first backcross hen hen. The egg shaped index of the three backcross eggs is better than that of the Jianghan chicken, the first backcross chicken and the second backcross chicken. The thickness of the egg shell of the third backcross eggs is slightly higher than the eggshell thickness of the Jianghan chicken. The egg yolk is similar to the hybrid chicken and the first backcross chicken and the second backcross chicken. The yolk retained the Jianghan chicken. The color of the eggshell is basically brown. The results of the fourth backcross experiments show that the color of the chicken feathers is divided into mud yellow and black gray, the black gray chicken feathers are shown to be 76.5% of the half clean slaughtering rate of the.27 week old cock of the Lingshan chicken, and the total net butt slaughtering rate is three peaks and three lows, 18 weeks for 18 weeks. The relative growth after age is very slow. The weight growth of the fourth backcross chickens is basically the same as before, the egg weight is higher than the Jianghan chicken and the hybrid chicken. The egg shape index is better than the Jianghan chicken and the hybrid chicken. The thickness of the egg shell is slightly higher than that of the Jianghan chicken. The egg yolk keeps the characteristics of the Jianghan chicken. It can be seen from the experimental results that the Lingshan hen and third are used. The yellow chicken feathers were characterized by Jianghan chicken. The development time of the fourth backcross chickens was delayed, and the development time of the chickens was earlier than that of the second backcross chickens. The length of the keel was long and the development time of the chest was basically the same. The characteristics of the Jianghan chicken were still better. The characteristics of the chicks were stable and the fourth times of backcross chickens gained weight. The egg weight is higher than Jianghan chicken and hybrid chicken, and the egg shape index is better than Jianghan chicken. The thickness of eggshell is slightly higher than the eggshell thickness of Jianghan chicken. The egg yolk keeps the characteristics of Jianghan chicken. (3) the self propagation effect of the new line of Jianghan chicken. The features of the new lines of Jianghan chicken are higher than those of Jianghan chicken. It seems that the different point is Shin than Jianghan chicken. The average day of birth of the hen is 152 days older than Jianghan chicken (238 days), 86 days.66 weeks old, 192 more eggs than Jianghan chicken (153) eggs 39, the average egg weight 47.84 grams than Jianghan chicken (44 grams) weight 3.84 grams. The average egg shape index 1.32 is better than the Jianghan chicken (1.28), eggshell brown, a small number of white. Cock average maturation period 86 It is 6 days ahead of Jianghan Rooster (92 days). The rate of male hen's mating ratio 1:10. egg fertilization rate is 92.86% higher than that of Jianghan chicken (81.32), and the average hatching rate of the average fertilized egg is 93.54% more than that of Jianghan chicken (86.30%), and the average primary weight of 7.24%. is 160.2 grams of 160.2 grams, 8 weeks of age 378.4 grams, 13 weeks of age 823.5, weekly age grams, weekly ages .6 gram; the average half clean slaughter rate of the 27 week old rooster was 76.7%, the hen was 75.8%, the average full slaughter rate of the 27 week old rooster was 68.7%. The 67.7%. culture of the hens adopted the ecoculture technology of the forest and grass, the new type of glass fiber reinforced plastic breeding technology, the cost of poultry raising was greatly reduced and the culture benefit increased dramatically.
【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S831

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