猪舍环境气载微生物的监测

发布时间：2018-06-30 20:44

  本文选题：猪舍环境 + 微生物气溶胶　； 参考：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了评估不同养猪场猪圈环境卫生质量,采用ANDERSEN-6级和AGI-30(All Glass Impinger,AGI)空气微生物样品收集器分别对五个不同养猪环境中微生物气溶胶的含量与构成成分予以监测。本研究可分三个部分:第一部分:猪舍内气载微生物的含量检测采用国际标准ANDERSEN-6级撞击式空气微生物样品收集器,空气流速率为28.3 L/min,选用5%的公绵羊血-琼脂培养基、沙堡弱培养基为采样介质,收集器设置于猪舍中央,放置高度为50~80 cm等高于猪的鼻腔,驱动时间根据不同卫生条件在1~5 min。结果表明,猪舍环境中气载需氧菌含量介于0.466×104CFU/m3~2.585×104CFU/m3空气之间,气载厌氧菌含量介于0.06×104CFU/m3~2.025×104CFU/m3空气之间,气载真菌含量介于0.265×103CFU/m3~1.49×103CFU/m3空气之间,气载阴性菌含量介于0.0141×103CFU/m3~0.84×103CFU/m3空气之间,气载阴性菌在需氧菌含量中的比例为0.30~3.2%。第二部分:猪舍气载内毒素的含量检测国际标准AGI-30收集器放在猪舍的中央,以50 mL的无热原质水(湛江海洋生物制品厂)为采样介质,采样时空气流速率为12.5 L/min,驱动时间为30 min。收集样品内毒素含量借助LAL实验获得。根据采样时间和气流速度计算出气载内毒素含量(EU/m3空气)。结果表明,气载内毒素含量介于0.114×103EU/m3~0.533×103EU/m3空气之间。第三部分:气载革兰氏阴性菌群的组成和空气动力学分析利用革兰氏染色的方法,初步将革兰氏阴性菌进行分离;然后,通过0一F试验和氧化酶试验将革兰氏阴性菌分成肠杆菌科类和非发酵类革兰氏阴性菌,最后用API-20E和API-20NE进行鉴定。结果表明,需氧革兰氏阴性菌群主要有肠杆菌属、假单胞菌属、莫拉菌属。气载肠杆菌属中大肠杆菌、成团肠杆菌和克雷伯菌为主要菌种;气载假单胞菌属中嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌为主要菌种;莫拉菌属在各猪场环境只检测到腔隙莫拉菌。此外,只在猪场C、D分别分到了不动杆菌菌属和根瘤菌属。有58%的需氧菌、48%的阴性菌分布在收集器的1、2层上(颗粒直径4.7~≥7μm),它们那能够进入人及动物的鼻腔气管,能够引起上呼吸道感染;有22%的需氧菌、39%的阴性菌分布在收集器的3、4层上(2.1~4.7μm),他们能够进入人、畜的气管、支气管甚至细支气管;还有22%的需氧菌、13%的阴性菌分布在5、6层上(0.65~2.1μm),它们往往以单细胞形式存在,能够进出人、畜的细支气管和肺泡,在吸入过多和动物体抵抗力下降时,容易引起下呼吸道感染。本调查发现,分布在Andersen收集器5、6层级上的阴性菌有成团肠杆菌、多杀巴斯德菌、腔隙莫拉菌和恶臭假单胞菌。通过该研究,对猪场舍环境的微生物含量及成分有了一个全面的认识,为评估环境质量奠定基础,对环境卫生控制有指导意义。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the environmental hygiene quality of different pig farms, the content and composition of microbial aerosols in five different pig environments were monitored by ANDERSEN-6 and AGI-30 (All Glass Impingerian AGI) air microorganism sample collector. This study can be divided into three parts: the first part: the content of airborne microorganism in pig house was determined by the international standard ANDERSEN-6 impinging air microorganism sample collector, the air flow rate was 28.3 L / min, and 5% ram blood Agar medium was used. Shabao weak medium was the sampling medium, the collector was set in the center of the pig house, the height was 5080 cm and the nasal cavity of the pig was higher than that of the pig. The driving time was 1 ~ 5 min according to different sanitary conditions. The results showed that the aerobic bacteria content of airborne bacteria was between 0.466 脳 104 CFU / m ~ (3) and 2.585 脳 10 ~ (4) CFU / m ~ (3), the content of airborne anaerobes was between 0.06 脳 10 ~ (4) CFU / m ~ (3) or 2.025 脳 10 ~ (4) CFU / m ~ (3), the content of airborne fungi was between 0.265 脳 10 ~ (3) CFU / m ~ (3), 1.49 脳 10 ~ (3) CFU / m ~ (3), the content of negative bacteria was between 0.0141 脳 10 ~ (-3) CFU / m ~ (3), 0.84 脳 10 ~ (-3) CFU / m ~ 3 / air. The ratio of airborne negative bacteria to aerobic bacteria was 0.30 卤3.2. The second part: the international standard AGI-30 collector was placed in the center of the hog house. The sampling medium was 50 mL non-heat raw water (Zhanjiang Marine organism Product Factory). The sampling time was 30 min and the sampling time was 12.5 L / min. The endotoxin content of samples was obtained by Lal experiment. The endotoxin content (EUP / m3 air) was calculated according to the sampling time and airflow velocity. The results showed that the airborne endotoxin content was between 0.114 脳 10 3 EUP / m 3 and 0.533 脳 10 3 EUP / m 3 in air. The third part: composition and aerodynamics analysis of airborne Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated by Gram-staining method. Gram-negative bacteria were divided into enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria by 0-F test and oxidase test. Finally, API-20E and API-20NE were used to identify Gram-negative bacteria. The results showed that the aerobic Gram-negative bacteria were mainly Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Mora. Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans and Klebsiella were the main species of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerosporium was the main strain, and Mora was only detected in the environment of pig farms. In addition, Acinetobacter spp. And Rhizobium genus were divided into Acinetobacter and Rhizobium respectively. There were 58% aerobic bacteria and 48% negative bacteria distributed on the 1 and 2 layers of the collector (particle diameter 4.7 ~ 鈮，

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