西藏“玉米田养鹅”模式下养分吸收与养分平衡特征

发布时间：2018-07-04 18:39

本文选题：养分吸收 + 养分平衡　；参考：《土壤学报》2016年02期

【摘要】：农田生态系统养分吸收与养分平衡是影响系统生产力和环境质量的关键因素之一。本研究通过分析玉米田养鹅和常规玉米种植生产方式下玉米植株与籽粒的养分分配状况,以及系统中养分的输入和输出状况,对比评价各处理下养分的吸收和利用效率以及养分盈余和亏缺状态。结果表明,玉米田养鹅处理下玉米籽粒和秸秆的氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)含量与对照相比无显著差异;玉米田养鹅处理各养分的吸收量与产量的相关性大小依次为PKN,其中P和K养分与产量的相关性显著(p0.05);对照为PNK,其中P和N养分与产量的相关性显著(p0.05);玉米田养鹅处理和对照的N、P2O5和K2O养分收获指数、吸收效率和利用效率之间均无明显差异;不同处理均存在较低的养分投入和较高的养分产出的情况,系统养分失衡,尤其是N和K元素在产出后严重亏缺,与玉米田养鹅处理相比,对照的N和K养分亏缺量分别高出39.0%和34.90%,处理间差异显著(p0.05),对照P素的亏缺较小,但玉米田养鹅处理P素出现少量盈余,处理间差异极显著(p0.01);从经济效益来看,玉米田养鹅处理虽存在玉米减产的问题,但其经济产量损失的部分可由肉鹅的经济产出得以补偿并获得了更高的经济效益。总体而言,玉米田养鹅处理对养分吸收和利用无明显影响,养分平衡状况较好,经济效益较高。
[Abstract]:Nutrient uptake and nutrient balance in farmland ecosystem is one of the key factors affecting system productivity and environmental quality. In this study, the nutrient distribution of maize plants and kernels, and the input and output of nutrients in the system were analyzed. The nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency, nutrient surplus and deficit state were evaluated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in N (N), P (P) and K (K) contents of corn grains and stalks between the two treatments. The correlation between nutrient uptake and yield in maize field was PKN, P and K nutrients were significantly correlated with yield (p0.05), PNK-P and N nutrients were significantly correlated with yield (p0.05), P and N nutrients were significantly correlated with yield (p0.05), P and K nutrients were significantly correlated with yield (p0.05), and P and N nutrients were significantly correlated with yield (p0.05). The nutrient harvest index of N, P _ 2O _ 5 and K _ 2O in treatment and control, There was no significant difference between absorption efficiency and utilization efficiency, there were lower nutrient input and higher nutrient output in different treatments, and the system nutrients were out of balance, especially N and K elements were seriously deficient after output. The nutrient deficit of N and K in the control was 39.0% and 34.90, respectively, compared with the control (p0.05). The P deficit of the control was smaller than that of the control, but there was a little surplus of P in the maize field. The difference between the treatments was very significant (p0.01), although there was a problem of reducing the yield of maize in the treatment of raising geese in maize field, the loss of economic yield could be compensated by the economic output of the meat geese and the higher economic benefits were obtained. In general, there was no obvious effect on nutrient absorption and utilization, nutrient balance was better and economic benefit was higher.
【作者单位】：西藏大学农牧学院;中国科学院青藏高原研究所;
【基金】：中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目(KFJ-EW-STS-073) 西藏科技厅项目和西藏野生特色生物资源开发平台资助~~
【分类号】：S513;S835

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