三江源区草地生态系统质量及其动态变化

发布时间：2018-07-08 10:28

本文选题：草地 + 质量　；参考：《环境科学研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：为探讨三江源区2000—2010年草地植被的时空演变特征,定量评价三江源区草地生态系统质量及其动态变化,采用植被覆盖度和NPP 2个生态参数,分析三江源区草地生态系统的时间变化特征和空间分布规律.结果表明:2000—2010年三江源区草地年均植被覆盖度为26.89%,年均NPP(以C计)为34.35 g/m~2,11 a间二者均呈增加趋势.三江源区草地质量具有明显的季节性变化特征,呈南高北低、东高西低的空间分布格局.从11 a的平均结果来看,三江源区草地植被覆盖度在8月达到最大值,约为59.19%;而草地NPP在7月达到最大值,为98.53 g/m~2.气温是三江源区草地植被覆盖度变化的主要影响因子,而雨热不同期则造成三江源区草地NPP的年际波动变化.植被覆盖变化是气候变化和人类活动共同作用的结果.研究显示,2000—2010年三江源区草地生态系统质量有所改善,特别是生态工程实施后,草地生态系统质量明显好转.三江源区需在促进农牧业产业升级和资源优化配置的基础上,继续采取积极的减压增效措施,真正实现草畜平衡,达到生态保护的目的.
[Abstract]:In order to study the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of grassland vegetation in Sanjiangyuan region from 2000 to 2010, and to evaluate quantitatively the grassland ecosystem quality and its dynamic changes, two ecological parameters, vegetation coverage and NPP, were adopted. The temporal variation and spatial distribution of grassland ecosystem in the source region of the three rivers were analyzed. The results showed that the average annual vegetation coverage was 26.89 and the average annual NPP was 34.35 g / m ~ 2 ~ (-1) a year from 2000 to 2010. The grassland quality in the source area of the three rivers has obvious seasonal variation characteristics, which is the spatial distribution pattern of the south high and the north low, the east high and the west low. According to the average results of 11 years, the grassland vegetation cover reached the maximum value in August, about 59.19, while the grassland NPP reached the maximum value in July, which was 98.53 g / m ~ (2). Air temperature is the main influencing factor of grassland vegetation coverage in the source region of the three rivers, and the interannual fluctuation of NPP in the grassland is caused by different rainfall and heat. Vegetation cover change is the result of climate change and human activities. The results showed that the quality of grassland ecosystem improved from 2000 to 2010, especially after the implementation of ecological engineering. On the basis of promoting the upgrading of agriculture and animal husbandry industry and optimizing the allocation of resources, the three river source areas should continue to take active measures to reduce pressure and increase efficiency, so as to realize the balance of grass and livestock and achieve the purpose of ecological protection.
【作者单位】：青海省生态环境遥感监测中心;青海省环境科学研究设计院;青海省测绘地理信息局;
【基金】：中国工程院重点咨询项目(2014-XZ-31) 三江源生态监测与评估关键技术研究与示范项目(2013-N-534)
【分类号】：S812

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