新疆褐牛与荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率的影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-08-07 08:34

【摘要】：犊牛的健康状况关系到整个牛群的质量,降低犊牛的死亡率对提高牧场的效益具有十分重要的意义。为了掌握犊牛死亡率及影响犊牛死亡的因素,试验采取实地调查与资料分析相结合的方法,对新疆褐牛犊牛及荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率进行了分析,通过Excel对某牛场近16年的7 157条产犊记录进行初步统计,根据新疆的气候特点划分季节,3~5月为春季,6~8月为夏季,9~11月为秋季,12~次年2月为冬季;品种为新疆褐牛犊牛和荷斯坦牛犊牛,年份从1999年到2014年分为16个水平,出生犊牛性别划分为公、母2个水平。利用SAS 8.1软件分析不同年份、品种、出生季节、犊牛性别及不同月龄等因素对新疆褐牛与荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率的影响,结果表明,品种、年份、产犊季节和犊牛性别对新疆褐牛及荷斯坦牛犊牛死亡率有不同程度的影响,新疆褐牛的犊牛死亡率显著高于荷斯坦牛(P0.05),1月龄时,新疆褐牛的犊牛死亡率显著高于荷斯坦牛(P0.05);2006、2009、2010年的犊牛死亡率显著高于其他年份(P0.05),在2011~2014年,犊牛的死亡率相对较少;冬季的死亡率显著高于夏季(P0.05)。降低犊牛的死亡率是牛群繁育过程中一个不可忽略的问题。犊牛的死亡率受到遗传和环境因素的共同影响,只有将各种环境因素给予合理控制,才能提高犊牛的健康水平。
[Abstract]:The health status of calves is related to the quality of the whole herd. It is very important to reduce the mortality rate of calves to improve the efficiency of pasture. In order to understand the mortality of calves and the factors affecting the mortality of calves, the mortality of Xinjiang brown calves and Holstein calves was analyzed by the method of field investigation and data analysis. According to the climatic characteristics of Xinjiang, the 7 157 calving records of a cattle farm in recent 16 years were preliminarily counted by Excel. According to the climatic characteristics of Xinjiang, the seasons were divided into spring, June to August, summer, September to November, autumn, 12 ~ February, and winter. The breeds of Xinjiang brown calf and Holstein calf were divided into 16 levels from 1999 to 2014. The sex of newborn calves was divided into male and female. SAS 8.1 software was used to analyze the effects of different years, breeds, birth seasons, calves sex and different months of age on mortality of Xinjiang brown cattle and Holstein calves. Calving season and calves sex had different effects on mortality of Xinjiang brown cattle and Holstein calves. The mortality rate of Xinjiang brown cattle was significantly higher than that of Holstein cattle (P0.05). The calves mortality of Xinjiang brown cattle was significantly higher than that of Holstein cattle (P0.05), the calf mortality in 2010 was significantly higher than that in other years (P0.05), the mortality of calves in 2011 ~ 2014 was relatively small, and the mortality in winter was significantly higher than that in summer (P0.05). Reducing the mortality of calves is an important problem in cattle breeding. The mortality rate of calves is affected by both genetic and environmental factors. Only by reasonably controlling all kinds of environmental factors can the health level of calves be improved.
【作者单位】：新疆农业大学动物科学学院;乌鲁木齐种牛场新疆褐牛繁育中心;
【基金】：新疆维吾尔自治区科技计划项目(201230116-7) "十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题(2011BAD28B02) 现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-37)
【分类号】：S823

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