奶牛主要病原菌耐药性及控制技术研究进展

发布时间：2018-10-13 17:48

【摘要】：抗菌药仍是治疗病原菌引起的奶牛疾病的常用方法。抗菌药的不合理使用使得细菌产生耐药性已成为全球性的问题,应引起人们的足够重视。奶牛的主要病原菌金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌等也显现出多重耐药的趋势,给奶牛疾病的临床治疗带来困难,同时也威胁人类健康。细菌产生耐药性的速度远超过人们研发抗菌药的速度,因此,保持现有抗菌药的疗效很有必要。一方面应该掌握细菌的耐药机制,如细菌分子耐药机制、抗菌药物外排机制或降低摄入机制、生物膜等,以便找到合适的治疗方法;另一方面采用不同措施减少耐药细菌的出现,如质粒消除、抗菌药替代品、开发高效安全的抗菌药物、临床合理用药(联合治疗)等。作者对奶牛主要病原菌的耐药情况、耐药机制、耐药控制技术进行综述,以期为减少耐药性、规范抗菌药的使用和提高治疗效果提供参考。
[Abstract]:Antimicrobial agents are still commonly used in the treatment of dairy cow diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. The irrational use of antimicrobial agents has made drug resistance of bacteria a global problem, which should be paid more attention to. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the main pathogens of dairy cattle, also show the trend of multidrug resistance, which brings difficulties to the clinical treatment of dairy cow disease and threatens human health. Bacteria develop drug resistance much faster than people develop antimicrobials, so it is necessary to maintain the efficacy of existing antimicrobial agents. On the one hand, we should master the drug resistance mechanism of bacteria, such as bacterial molecular drug resistance mechanism, antimicrobial efflux mechanism or reduce ingestion mechanism, biofilm and so on, in order to find a suitable treatment; On the other hand, different measures were adopted to reduce the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria, such as plasmid elimination, antimicrobial substitutes, development of high efficiency and safety antibiotics, rational clinical use (combined therapy), etc. In order to reduce drug resistance, standardize the use of antimicrobial agents and improve the therapeutic effect, the authors reviewed the drug resistance of the main pathogens in dairy cattle, the mechanism of drug resistance and the drug resistance control techniques.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院饲料研究所国家饲料药物基准实验室;
【基金】：国家重点研发计划专项“畜禽重要病原耐药性检测与控制技术研究”(2016YFD0501304) 奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队项
【分类号】：S852.61

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