常用饲料原料中玉米赤霉烯酮和呕吐毒素含量研究

发布时间：2018-12-06 18:25

【摘要】：霉菌毒素是有毒的霉菌次级代谢产物,能够降低饲料的饲喂价值,影响畜禽的生产性能,对动物组织机能、健康产生不利影响,甚至导致畜禽死亡。玉米、小麦、稻谷等谷物现已深受霉菌毒素问题的困扰。影响比较大的霉菌毒素包括黄曲毒素(AF)、呕吐毒素、单端孢霉烯族毒素、赭曲霉毒素、烟曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮。本课题调研了我国2013年各月份的饲料原料(谷物:玉米、小麦,玉米副产物:DDGS、玉米胚芽粕等,其他原料:饼粕类),所需样品均随机选取自亚太中慧集团及各分公司,并且样品均具有代表性,玉米小麦均是从全国各地收的谷物颗粒,玉米副产物及饼粕类原料是加工厂家的加工成的袋装成品原料。通过这些样品主要检测并分析玉米赤霉烯酮和呕吐毒素两种毒素,其中玉米赤霉烯酮的含量通过ELISA检测方法,呕吐毒素含量通过残留酶联免疫检测的检测方法。研究结果如下:1.霉菌毒素受温度、湿度影响,一般温度湿度越高其污染越厉害,不同季节的污染和超标率均不相同;且毒素之间有相关性即可以相互影响。玉米赤霉烯酮与呕吐毒素的污染曲线相类似。2.所有原料中玉米副产物中玉米赤霉烯酮和呕吐毒素的污染最为严重含量最高;其次为玉米,其中玉米赤霉烯酮、呕吐毒素污染较为普遍并且污染也比较严重,其中两种毒素中玉米赤霉烯酮污染最为严重;污染排第三的是能量饲料小麦,小麦在整年的数据中显示,呕吐毒素含量较高,而玉米赤霉烯酮的含量很低;其他饲料原料(饼粕类)霉菌毒素含量较低。霉菌毒素的污染对人类的经济发展和动物的健康的影响是巨大的,因此,通过所测得数据分析了玉米赤霉烯酮和呕吐毒素的在2013年含量及分布情况及相关性,可以为饲料安全生产和食品安全提供一定的参考,减少经济损失。
[Abstract]:Mycotoxin is a toxic secondary metabolite of mold, which can reduce the feeding value of feed, affect the production performance of livestock and poultry, adversely affect the tissue function and health of animals, and even lead to the death of livestock and poultry. Corn, wheat, rice and other cereals are now plagued by mycotoxins. The more significant mycotoxins include aflatoxin (AF), vomiting toxin, monosporin toxin, ochratoxin, aspergillus fumigatus toxin, zearalenone. In this paper, the feed materials (grain: corn, wheat, corn by-products: DDGS, corn germ meal, other raw materials: cake) in China in 2013 were investigated. The samples were randomly selected from Asia Pacific Zhonghui Group and its branches. The samples are representative, corn and wheat are grain grains collected from all parts of the country, corn by-products and cake raw materials are the raw materials of bagged products processed by processing factories. The content of zearalenone and vomiting toxin was detected by ELISA and the content of vomit toxin was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). The results are as follows: 1. Mycotoxins are affected by temperature and humidity, the higher the general temperature and humidity, the more serious the pollution, the pollution and the rate of exceeding standard are different in different seasons, and there is correlation between toxins, that is, they can affect each other. The pollution curves of zearalenone and vomiting toxin were similar. 2. 2. Corn by-products of all raw materials were most seriously polluted by zearalenone and vomiting toxin. The next is maize, in which corn zearalenone, vomiting toxin pollution is more common and more serious pollution, among them, the two toxins the most serious pollution of zearalenone; The third one was energy feed wheat, which showed that the content of vomit toxin was higher than that of corn scinalenone, and that of other feed materials (cake meal) was lower than that of other feedstuff (cake meal) in the whole year, the content of vomit toxin was higher, but the content of zearalenone in corn was very low. The impact of mycotoxin contamination on human economic development and animal health is enormous. Therefore, the levels, distribution and correlation of zearalenone and vomiting toxins in maize in 2013 have been analysed through the measured data, It can provide some reference for feed safety production and food safety and reduce economic loss.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816

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