高腹脂与低腹脂系肉鸡肠道菌群多样性及代谢通路研究

发布时间：2019-03-07 08:27

【摘要】：关于肥胖与肠道菌群的研究已经广泛开展于人类和大鼠模型,并获得了较为明确的研究成果。但是在与人类生存和生活中关系极为密切的以肉鸡为代表的禽类中还鲜有报道。况且,腹脂率严重影响到肉鸡的生产性能、料肉比例和繁殖能力。因此,对腹脂率差异显著的肉鸡肠道菌群及其功能和代谢研究就显得格外意义重大。本研究以采集自东北农业大学的28份白羽鸡粪便样品为研究对象,应用16S rRNA可变区高通量测序技术和基于所有细菌全基因组鸟枪法测序技术,对菌群群落结构及功能基因和代谢通路进行了全面系统的研究。研究结果表明,肉鸡肠道的核心菌属共有9种分别为Bacteroides、Clostridium、Eubacterium、 Faecalibacterium、Hallella、Lactobacillus、Roseburia、Ruminococcus和Subdoligranulum。而这些核心菌属主要参与了碳代谢、氨基酸的合成、嘌呤和嘧啶代谢、甲烷和硫化物的代谢、脂肪酸代谢、淀粉和糖类代谢以及丁酸盐的代谢。高腹脂系肉鸡和低腹脂系肉鸡肠道菌群群落结构差异显著(P=0.032),且高腹脂系肉鸡肠道菌群α多样性低于低腹脂系肉鸡,其中低腹脂系肉鸡肠道中Ruminococcus、Subdoligranulum、Bacteroides、Hallella和Alistipes的含量要显著高于高腹脂系肉鸡(P0.05),而Enterococcus和Clostridium的含量低于高腹脂系肉鸡。基于全基因组鸟枪法序列测定结果与16S rRNA测序结果呈现高度一致性。在种的水平上,低腹脂系肉鸡肠道中Alistipes shahii、Bacteroides coprophilus、 Bacteroides salanitronis和Bacteroides cellulosilyticus等菌种含量显著高于高腹脂系肉鸡,而Clostridium spiroforme、Clostridium symbiosum、Clostridium lentocellum和Enterococcus faecalis等菌种含量显著降低。在功能基因和代谢通路层面,低腹脂系肉鸡肠道菌群功能基因主要参与胆汁分泌和脂肪酸合成代谢等,而高腹脂系肉鸡肠道菌群功能基因主要参与精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢,色氨酸代谢,丙酮酸代谢,甲烷代谢和硫化物代谢等。通过对比不同肥胖模型的肠道菌群的异同发现,不论在人类,小鼠和肉鸡肥胖模型肠道内,均富含Clostridium而缺乏Bacteroides和Alistipes。本研究首次对以肉鸡为代表的禽类模型肠道菌群结构及功能进行了系统的研究,该研究的开展将为加速优良肉鸡品种的选育,提高肉鸡生产性能提供全新的视野。
[Abstract]:The research on obesity and intestinal flora has been widely carried out in human and rat models, and more clear research results have been obtained. However, there are few reports on broilers, which are closely related to human survival and life. Moreover, abdominal fat rate seriously affects the performance, feed ratio and reproductive capacity of broilers. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the intestinal flora, function and metabolism of broilers with significant differences in abdominal fat rate. In this study, 28 white feather chicken fecal samples collected from Northeast Agricultural University were collected. The 16s rRNA variable region high throughput sequencing technique and the whole bacterial genome-based bird gun sequencing technique were used in this study. The community structure, functional genes and metabolic pathways of the flora were studied systematically. The results showed that there were 9 species of core bacteria in broiler intestines, Bacteroides,Clostridium,Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium,Hallella,Lactobacillus,Roseburia,Ruminococcus and Subdoligranulum., respectively. These core bacteria are mainly involved in carbon metabolism, amino acid synthesis, purine and pyrimidine metabolism, methane and sulfide metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, starch and sugar metabolism and butyrate metabolism. The difference of intestinal microflora community structure between high and low fat broilers was significant (P < 0 032). Moreover, the diversity of intestinal flora 伪 of high abdominal fat broilers was lower than that of low abdominal fat broilers, and the Ruminococcus,Subdoligranulum,Bacteroides, in intestinal tract of low abdominal fat line broilers was significantly lower than that of low abdominal fat broilers (P < 0 032). The contents of Hallella and Alistipes were significantly higher than those of broilers with high abdominal fat (P0.05), while the contents of Enterococcus and Clostridium were lower than those of broilers with high abdominal fat. The sequencing results based on the whole genome shotgun method were highly consistent with the 16s rRNA sequencing results. At the seed level, the contents of Alistipes shahii,Bacteroides coprophilus, Bacteroides salanitronis and Bacteroides cellulosilyticus in the intestines of low-fat broilers were significantly higher than those of high-fat broilers, but the contents of Clostridium spiroforme,Clostridium symbiosum,Clostridium lentocellum and Enterococcus faecalis were significantly lower than those of high-fat broilers. At the level of functional genes and metabolic pathways, the functional genes of intestinal flora of low abdominal fat broilers were mainly involved in bile secretion and fatty acid synthesis, while the functional genes of intestinal flora of high abdominal fat broilers were mainly involved in the metabolism of arginine and proline. Tryptophan metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, methane metabolism and sulfide metabolism. By comparing the intestinal microflora of different obesity models, it was found that both human, mouse and broiler obesity models were rich in Clostridium but lacking in Bacteroides and Alistipes.. In this study, the structure and function of intestinal flora of poultry model represented by broilers were studied for the first time. The development of this study will provide a new field of vision for accelerating the breeding of excellent broiler breeds and improving the performance of broilers.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831

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