蒸汽处理稻草体外消化率的评定及其对山羊的消化能力、生长性能和肉品质的影响

发布时间：2023-04-20 00:40

　　饲料短缺是阻碍当前畜牧业发展的重要因素,可利用的饲料原料远远少于需求量,饲料原料缺口日渐增大成为亟待解决的问题。在季节性干旱期,一些品质较好的原料得不到利用导致饲料原料供需不平衡的矛盾更为突出。人们普遍意识到,以稻草秸秆为代表的木质纤维素原料是一种来源广泛,但却未充分利用资源。但是,由于蛋白含量及消化率低,使得这些低品质的作物秸秆很难作为原料应用在饲料中。前人采用各种方法处理这类物质,提高其营养价值,使其可作为原料应用在饲料中。多数体外试验结果表明,在不同压力和处理时间条件下,通过蒸汽处理可改变稻草的营养成分及其消化率。因此,本研究通过体外及体内试验研究蒸汽处理稻草秸秆的最佳条件,探讨蒸汽处理对稻草秸秆的体外消化率的影响,并研究饲喂蒸汽处理稻草对肉羊营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃形态、肌肉抗氧化力、肌肉品质的影响。1蒸汽处理对稻草秸秆营养成分及体外消化率的影响本试验旨在评价蒸汽处理对稻草秸秆营养成分及体外消化率的影响。稻草秸秆原样(UTRS)经过15.5 kgf/cm2蒸汽分别处理90 s (STRS-Ⅰ)和120 s (STRS-Ⅱ)后进行营养成分分析及体外消化率测定。结果显示,蒸汽处理提...

【文章页数】：138 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 Literature Review
    1. Shortage of feed
    2. Availability of crop residues
    3. Availability of rice straw
    4. Straw composition
    5. Problems associated with feeding crop residues
    6. Pretreatments of crop residues
        6.1 Goalls of pretreatments
        6.2 Methods of pretreatment of crop residues
            6.2.1 Physical pretreatment
            6.2.2 Chemical pretreatment
            6.2.3 Biological pretreatment
            6.2.4 Physicochemical pretreatments
    7. Steam treatment
        7.1 Effects steam treatment on chemical composition of straw
        7.2 Effects Steam treatment on digestibility of straw
    Research goals
CHAPTER 2 Evaluation of steam treated rice straw as ruminant feed
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1 Samples preparation and steam explosion treatments
        2.2 Chemical analysis of sample grasses
        2.3 In vitro fermentation
        2.4 Determination of volatile fatty acids(VFA)by gas chromatography
        2.5 Statistical analysis
    3. Results
        3.1 Chemical composition of treated and untreated rice straw
        3.2 Volatile fatty acids(VFAs)
        3.3 In vitro DMD,OMD,NDF,ADF
        3.4 In vitro gas production and pH
    4. Discussion
    5. Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Comparative studies of nutritive values and In vitro degradability of steam treatedrice straw with Chinese wild rye and Alfalfa
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1 Samples preparation
        2.2 Chemical analysis of sample grasses
        2.3 In vitro fermentation
        2.4 NH₃-N determination
        2.5 Determination of volatile fatty acids (VFAs)by gas chromatography
        2.6 Statistical analysis
    3. Results
        3.1 Chemical composition
        3.2 In vitro degradability
        3.3 Volatile fatty acids
    4. Discussion
    5. Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Digestibility, growth performance, plasma anti-oxidative potential and rumenmorphology of growing meat goats fed with steam treated rice straw diet
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1 Steam treatment of rice straw
        2.2 Site and description of the study area
        2.3 Digestibility trail
            2.3.1 Animals and management
            2.3.2 Chemical analysis of feeds and feces
        2.4 Growth trail
            2.4.1 Animals and management
            2.4.2 Feeding
            2.4.3 Body weight measurements
            2.4.4 Blood sampling
            2.4.5 Plasma TAOC,SOD and TBARS determination
            2.4.6 Plasma ALT and AST determination
            2.4.7 Relative organ weights
            2.4.8 Determination of gut and rumen morphology
        2.5 Statistical analysis
    3. Results
        3.1 Nutrients retention under metabolic cages
        3.2. Growth performance and relative organ weights
        3.3 Antioxidant and hepatic enzymes activities in plasma
        3.4 Gut and rumen morphology
    4. Discussion
        4.1 Apparent nutrients utilization and growth performance
        4.2 Antioxidant and hepatic enzyme activities in plasma
        4.3 Gut and rumen morphology
    5. Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Effects of steam treated rice straw feeding on growth,digestibility and plasma volatilefatty acids of goats under different housing stems
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1 Steam treatment of rice straw
        2.2 Location and description of the study area
        2.3 Animals management and feeding
        2.4 Body weight measurements
        2.5 Blood sampling and plasma analysis
        2.6 Digestibility trial
        2.7 Chemical analysis of feeds and feces
        2.8 Determination of plasma volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
        2.9 Statistical analysis
    3. Results
        3.1 Growth performance
        3.2 Apparent nutrient utilization
        3.3 Plasma thyroid and pancreatic hormones
        3.4 Plasma protein,cholesterol,lipase and amylase
        3.5 Plasma volatile fatty acids (VFAs)profile
    4. Discussion
        4.1 Growth performance and apparent nutrient utilization
        4.2 Plasma thyroid and pancreatic hormones
        4.3 Plasma protein,cholesterol,lipase and amylase
        4.4 Plasma volatile fatty acids (VFAs) profile
    5. Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 Carcass quality,fatty acid profile,and lipid oxidation of longissimus muscle of goatsreceiving untreated or steam treated rice straw based diets
    1. Introduction
    2. Materials and methods
        2.1 Steam treatment of rice straw
        2.2 Location and description of the study area
        2.3 Animals management and feeding
        2.4 Meat sampling and carcass traits
        2.5 Muscle pH and color
        2.6 Chemical analysis of meat
        2.7 Determination of fatty acid profile of meat
        2.8 Determination of lipid oxidation
        2.9 Statistical analysis
    3. Results
        3.1 Chemical composition of meat
        3.2 Carcass traits
        3.3 pH and meat color
        3.4 Meat fatty acid profile
        3.5 Lipid oxidation
    4. Discussion
        4.1 Chemical composition of meat
        4.2 pH and meat color
        4.3 Meat fatty acid profile
        4.4 Lipid oxidation
    5. Conclusion
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
REFFERENCES
PUBLICATIONS



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