淮南地区粉螨群落结构和多样性的初步研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 16:35

本文选题：粉螨群落　切入点：孳生密度　出处：《安徽理工大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 目的研究淮南地区的粉螨群落结构和多样性,并进行哮喘的流行病学调查以了解淮南地区哮喘的患病及发病情况。方法用直接镜检法和电热集螨法等方法对采集样本进行粉螨分离、鉴定和计数,了解其群落结构和多样性情况,并通过Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数,计算其物种丰富度、物种多样性和物种均匀度。通过发放哮喘的流行病学调查表进行哮喘的调查,同时采用皮肤点刺试验进行粉螨变应原的检测。结果对41种共960份样本,进行粉螨的分离、鉴定,共鉴定出粉螨25种,隶属于7科19属。淮南地区一年之中粉螨的平均孳生密度为(3.67±1.34~46.34±6.14)NO./g,物种丰富度指数(Rmargalef)在0.233~2.655之间,多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)为1.012~3.193,均匀度指数(Pielou指数)为0.892~0.991,粉螨的平均孳生密度、物种数、丰富度指数及多样性指数在年变化规律较为一致, 5月份~9月份达到高峰,1月份和12月份降至最低;而物种均匀度全年波动较大,最高值在8月份,最低值在2月份,变化无规律。本次调查共发放调查表733份,回收调查表622份(其中符合要求的调查表584份),回收率84.9%。584例(其中临床确诊患有哮喘者9例)被调查对象年龄为(41.81±3.21)岁;男性278例,女性306例。382例被调查对象(包括9例哮喘患者)接受了粉螨变应原皮肤点刺试验,阳性数6例,总阳性率为1.57%。6例阳性反应者均包含于9例哮喘患者中,哮喘患者中粉螨皮肤挑刺试验结果阳性率为66.67%(6/9)。结论淮南地区全年以5月份至8月份粉螨群落结构组成最为丰富多样,一年中不同月份粉螨群落结构及多样性差异较大,可能与粉螨自身的食性、天敌数、不同螨种的生命力强弱以及环境中温湿度的差异及不同的人为干扰因素有关。粉螨对人类的危害严重,是诱发哮喘的主要诱因之一,应合理存放储藏物并保持室内干燥和清洁,避免给粉螨创造孳生条件,以预防由其诱发的哮喘,降低其对人类的危害。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the community structure and diversity of acaroid mites in Huainan area and to investigate the prevalence and incidence of asthma. Methods the samples were isolated, identified and counted by direct microscopic examination and electrothermal mite collection, and their community structure and diversity were studied. The species richness was calculated by Margalef index Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index. Species diversity and species evenness. Asthma was investigated with epidemiological questionnaire and skin prick test was used to detect the allergen of acaroid mites. Results A total of 960 samples of 41 species of acaroid mites were isolated and identified. A total of 25 species belonging to 19 genera of 7 families were identified. The average breeding density of acaroid mites in Huainan region in one year was 3.67 卤1.340.34 卤6.14NO.g. the species richness index (Rmargalefr) was between 0.2333 and 2.655. The diversity index Shannon-Wiener index (Shannon-Wiener index) was 1.0123.193, and the evenness index (Pielou index) was 0.8920.991.The average breeding density and species number of acaroid mites were determined. The richness index and diversity index were consistent with each other in the year, reaching the peak in May and the lowest in January and December, while the species evenness fluctuated greatly in the whole year, with the highest value in August and the lowest value in August. In this survey, 733 questionnaires were distributed and 622 questionnaires were recovered. The recovery rate was 84.984 cases (9 of whom were clinically diagnosed with asthma). The age of the investigated subjects was 41.81 卤3.21 years old, and 278 cases were males. 306 female subjects (including 9 asthmatic patients) received the skin prick test of acaroid mites allergen, and the total positive rate was 1.57.6 cases, all of them were included in 9 cases of asthma, the total positive rate was 1.57.6 cases, and the total positive rate was 1.57.6 cases, the total positive rate was 1.57.6 cases, and the total positive rate was 1.57.6 cases. The positive rate of acaroid mites skin prick test was 66.67% in asthmatic patients. Conclusion the community structure of acaroid mites in Huainan area is the most abundant and diverse from May to August. The community structure and diversity of acaroid mites in different months of the year are quite different, which may be related to the number of natural enemies and feeding habits of acaroid mites. The vitality of different species of mites, the difference of temperature and humidity in the environment and the different human interference factors are related. The harm of acaroid mites to human being is serious, which is one of the main inducements to induce asthma. The storage materials should be stored reasonably and the room should be kept dry and clean. Avoid creating breeding conditions for acaroid mites in order to prevent asthma induced by acaroid mites and reduce their harm to human beings.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R384.4

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