重庆市主城区护理人员职业紧张与心理健康影响因素的相关研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 00:18

本文选题：护理人员　切入点：心理健康　出处：《重庆医科大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 职业紧张对健康、行为以及对工作效率的影响已成为国际上重要的职业卫生问题之一。职业紧张的研究已成为现代社会重要的公共卫生问题,已受到越来越多的社会学家、生理学家、心理学家以及政府部门的关注。护理人员是为人们提供健康服务的特殊群体,其职业紧张状况影响着护理人员心理健康,也影响着她们提供的护理质量水平。因此关于护理人员的职业紧张研究也越来越受到国内外学者的关注。本研究旨在探讨重庆市护理人员的职业紧张、心理健康状况以及影响职业紧张和心理健康的相关因素。本研究通过问卷调查的方式,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90),职业紧张问卷(OSI-R)和卡特尔16项人格因素(16-PF)对740名护理人员的职业紧张及心理健康状况以及它们的相关因素进行了调查。并采用t检验、F检验等数据分析方法,以工作年限、用工性质、婚姻状况等为变量,对心理健康水平、职业紧张状况以及相关因素作了差异分析。其结果如下: 1、护士职业紧张现状及影响因素与成渝两地专业技术人员常模比较,重庆市护理人员职业紧张情况为:职业任务总均分的差异无显著(P㧐0.05);但个体紧张反应总均分明显高于常模值,个体应对资源总均分明显低于常模值,差异有显著性(P㩳0.01) 职业紧张状况的影响因素包括工龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、用工性质等人口学特征以及护理人员的人格特质等。个体应对资源得分最高的护理人员工作年限在20年以上,工作年限10-15年的护理人员,应对资源最少(P0.01);离异及丧偶者的职业任务得分高于已婚者,已婚高于未婚(P0.01).不同的人格特质对职业紧张源的体验具有差异性,个体紧张反应及应对资源也不同。 2、心理健康现状及影响因素与全国普通人常模的比较,重庆市护理人员SCL-90总分高于全国常模,且差异显著。心理健康的影响因素包括婚姻状况、用工性质等人口学特征、职业任务情况、个体应对资源以及人格特质等。离异或丧偶者SCL-90的总均分以及躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性纬度的得分明显高于未婚及已婚者,且差异有显著性( p0.05);护理人员的SCL-90总均分与职业任务、紧张反应各子项均呈明显正相关(P0.01),与个体应对资源各子项均呈明显负相关(P0.01);以SCL-90总均分为应变量,护士各人格特质为自变量,进行多元线性逐步回归分析,显示影响护士心理健康的主要人格特质(从强到弱)为紧张性、忧虑性、自律性、稳定性、敏感性、创造性、乐群性、怀疑性、有恒性。综上所述,护理人员的职业紧张水平较高,心理健康状况不容乐观。影响护理人员的职业紧张及心理健康状况的因素是多方面的。可以根据不同人口学特征、人格情况等,提出有针对性的缓解职业紧张的措施;明确护士工作的责任、提高应对能力、培养良好的护士职业角色人格等是提高护理人员心理健康水平的有效途径。
[Abstract]:Occupation stress on health behavior, and the influence on the efficiency of the occupation health problem has become one of the important international research. The occupation stress has become an important public health problem in modern society, has been more and more sociologists, psychologists, physiologists, and government departments concerned. The nursing staff is a special group to provide health services for the people the occupation, tense situation affects the mental health of nursing staff, but also affect the quality of care they provide. So the level of occupation tension research on nursing staff is also more and more domestic and foreign scholars.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the nursing staff of Chongqing city occupation tension, mental health and occupation stress and mental health related factors. This research through the questionnaire survey, using the symptom checklist (SCL-90), occupation stress questionnaire (OSI-R) and Cattell 16 personality factors (16-PF) occupation stress and mental health of the 740 nurses and their related factors were investigated. By t test, F test and other methods of data analysis, to work, the nature of employment, marital status variables on mental health level, the difference analysis of occupation stress state and related factors. The results are as follows:
1, the status and influencing factors of occupational stress of nurses
Compared with the Chengdu and Chongqing professional technical personnel norm, Chongqing City nursing staff occupation tension: the difference between total average occupation tasks significantly (P? 0.05); but the stress response of the individual total were significantly higher than the normal value, the total average personal resources was significantly lower than the normal value, there was a significant difference (P? 0.01)
Influence factors of occupation tension include age, marital status, education level, character of employment and the nursing staff's personality traits. The coping resources score the highest working life of nursing staff in more than 20 years, the nursing staff working life of 10-15 years, with the least resources (P0.01); occupation task scores of divorced and widowed the higher than married, married than unmarried (P0.01). The experience of different personality traits on occupation tension source has the difference, the individual stress response and coping resources are also different.
2, the status of mental health and its influencing factors
Compared with the common norm in China, the total score of SCL-90 nursing staff in Chongqing was higher than that of the national norm, and the difference was significant.
Mental health factors include marital status, the character of employment, occupation tasks, personal resources and personality traits. The total average divorced or widowed SCL-90, somatization, compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, terror, scores of psychosis was significantly higher than that of weft unmarried and married, have significant the difference (P0.05); the total scores of SCL-90 and the occupation task of nursing staff, stress response sub items were positively correlated (P0.01), and the personal resources are negatively correlated with the total score (P0.01); SCL-90 as the dependent variable, the nurses' personality traits as independent variables, multiple linear regression analysis showed the main effects of personality traits, psychological health of nurses (from strong to weak) for tension, anxiety, self-discipline, stability, sensitivity, creativity, sociability, vigilance, perseverance.
To sum up, the level of nursing staff occupation tension high, mental health is not optimistic. The factors influencing occupation stress and mental health of nursing staffs are in many aspects. According to the different demographic characteristics, personality, etc., are put forward to alleviate the tension of occupation measures; clear the responsibility of nurses, improve the ability to deal with the cultivation of good nurse occupation role personality is an effective way to improve the mental health level of nurses.

【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R395

【引证文献】